RELATIVE CLAUSE

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Relative clauses
Definition
A relative clause modifies a noun or noun phrase or pronoun, and uses some grammatical device to indicate that one of the arguments within the relative clause has the same referent as that noun or noun phrase.
A relative clause also called an adjective or adjectival clause.
Relative clause include:
Relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that.
Relative adverbs: why, when, where.
Usage

Who
…noun/ pronoun + who + verb…
Example: she is my teacher who is very beautiful.
Replacing for people to make subject pronoun.
2. Whom
…noun/ pronoun + whom + subject + verb…
Example: she likes that man whom you talked to yesterday.
Replacing for people to make object pronoun.
3. Whose
…noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb…
…noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + subject + verb…
Example:
The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed.
That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday.
Replacing possession for people, animals and things
4. Which
…noun/ pronoun + which + verb…
…noun/ pronoun + which +subject + verb…
Example:
The pen which is on the desk is expensive
The dress which she is wearing is beautiful
Replacing for animals and things to make subject and object pronoun.
5. That
…noun/ pronoun + which + verb…
…noun/ pronoun + which + subject + verb…
Example:
I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.
She is the most intelligent girl that I talked to you about yesterday in my class.
Replacing for animals and things to make subject pronoun.
Rules use “that”
That can be replaced for who, whom, which in defining relative clauses.
Defining relative clauses give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas (this clause cannot give up).
- That cannot be used in non-defining relative clauses.
Non-defining relative clauses give additional information on something, but do not define it. Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas (this clauses can give up, but its mean does not change)
Clauses have proper name, possession adjective and modified by this, that, these, those…
That cannot be used following commas, preposition.
That must be used when it has superlative comparison and modified by all, only, just, little…
That is used following structure “it is/ was…”
Example: it is the teacher that decides what to read
The boy ___ I met is from Ninh Thuan.

a. Who c. Which

b. Whom d. All a and b




Note 1: who can replace for object of people, but who is not following preposition.
Tom was late, ___ make the teacher angry.

a. Who c. Which

b. Whom d. That


Note 2: which must be used when it is a clause (the following has a comma).
a. I bought the car which I like
b. I bought the car that I like
c. I bought the car I like
d. a, b, c are correct
Note 3: when relative pronoun makes object, we can give it up that its mean do not change
The room without ___ it has is a lab.

a. Which c. What

b. That d. a and b
Note 4: which is used following preposition
“Which” is used following preposition, it has several following rules:
preposition of place + which = where (nơi đó)
preposition of time + which = when (khi đó, lúc đó)
preposition of reason + which = why (tại sao)
example:
This is the house in which I was born.
Sunday is a holiday, on which most people rest.
There were some reasons for which she didn’t go to your dinner party.
Practices
Choose the word that best completes the sentence



5. This clauses can give up, but its mean do not change
A. Non-Restrictive relative
B. Restrictive relative
2. The woman …. is sitting at the desk is Mr Winter`s secretary.
A. Whose C. That
B. Who D. Which

3. Which sentence is true about restrictive relative clause?
A. It cannot give up C. a and b are correct
B. It can give up D. a and b are wrong




7. Is this the boy who plays the piano?
A. relative pronoun is necessary
B. relative pronoun is not necessary

8. Do you know the shop ….. Andrew picked me up?
A. Where C. What
B. When D. Which

9. She didn’t see the snake …. was lying on the ground.
A. Which C. When
B. That D. Where
10. Jane, …. mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
A. Who C. Which
B. Whose D. When

11. I cannot remember the reason …. he wanted us to leave.
A. Why
B. That why
C. Why does

12. We ate the sweets which my mother had bought.
A. relative pronoun is necessary
B. relative pronoun is not necessary


That car is still good. I bought it ten years ago.
That car which I bought ten years ago is still good.
That car, which I bought ten years ago, is still good.
That car is still good.
which
Match sentence use relative pronoun
Exercises: combine the two sentences by using a relative clause.
She is the most intelligent girl in my class. I talked to you about her yesterday.
Do you know the boy? I phoned him last night.
That shirt is very expensive. She is wearing it now.
The man is over there. His son is my friend.
Tom is from England. Have you met him?
She is the most intelligent girl in my class that I talked to you about yesterday.
Do you know the boy whom I phoned last night.
That shirt, which she is wearing it now, is very expensive.
The man whose son is my friend is over there.
Have you met Tom, who/ whom is from England?