Prepositional phrase

Welcome to our presentation
Group 5
Ngô Thị Minh Loan
Lâm Thị Mai Lan
Nguyễn Thị Yến
Hoàng Thị Thủy
Trần Thị Linh
Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền
Nguyễn Thị Huyền
The Prepositonal Phrase
Content:

Structure
Syntactic functions
Exercise




I. Structure

Definition
Preposition: A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
E.g: in, on, at, between….
- Prepositional phrase = a prepositon + preposional complement

I. Structure
2 Classification
Prepositions & prepositional adverbs
Prepostions # Prepositional adverbs
Example 1 :
a) A car drove past the door.
→ past : prepositon
b) A car drove past .
→ past : prepositional adverb
  Prepositions + complement
 Prepositional adverbs + complement


Prepositions & prepositional adverbs
Prepostions # Prepositional adverbs

Example 2:
a ) Despite the weather, we stayed in all day
→in: adjunct
b) The day before, I had meet to him in the street
→before: posstmodifier
The prepositional phrase
Structure
Syntactic functions
II.Syntactic functions
Adjuncts
Disjuncts
Conjunct
Noun post-modifier
Verb phrase Complement
Adjective phrase Complement



II.Syntactic functions
1-Adjunct
A word, phrase or clause that modifies an entire clause by providing additional information about time, place, manner, condition, purpose, reason, result, and concession.
Example:
a) The people are walking along the beach.
b) She failed the test because of her laziness.
II.Syntactic functions
2-Disjunct:
To provide additional information to frame an entire clause.
Example:
a) In my opinion, reading book is interesting.
b) According to our records, the money was paid two months ago.


II.Syntactic functions
3-Conjunct:
Conjunct is an adjunct that adds information to the sentence that is not considered part of the propositional content (or at least not essential) but which connects the sentence with previous parts of the discourse.
Example :
For one thing, for another thing, for a start, to begin with, in the same way, for instance, as
a result, etc.
II.Syntactic functions
4-Noun post modifier
Post-modifier is the fourth function of prepositional phrase that occurs if a prepositional phrase appears after a noun phrase, and the noun phrase together with the prepositional phrase function as a subject in the sentence.
Example:
An old man with glasses is my lecture

NP PP
II.Syntactic functions
5-Verb phrase complement
Complementation of verb is that express about subject matter, ingredients, material and reaction. The phrases combine with a considerable range of verbs
Example:
I like listen to the music
VP PP
II.Syntactic functions
6-Adjective phrase complement
Complementation of an adjective is that combine a considerable range of adjectives. The phrases express the relation between the prepositional phrase with the adjective that comes before it. The phrases express about subject matter, and respect- standard.
Example: John is very afraid of the darkness
Adj pp


Exercise
Identify each PP in the sentences below, and indicate its function.
The students at the hospital were fond of practical jokes
In spite of his illness, he tried to complete his own performance.
The girl with long blond hair and glasses is Linda.
The children insisted on eating candies before their lunch.
He always has a desire of becoming an excellent pilot.
Exercise
At the hospital=>post modifier of NP “ the student”
of practical jokes=> adjective phrase complement “ fond”
in spite of his illness=> disjunct
With long blond hair and glasses=> post-modifier of NP “ the girl”
On eating candies=> complementation of VP “ insisted…”
before their lunch=> adjunct
Of becoming an excellent pilot=> complementation of NP “ a desire
Homework:
1. Replace each underlined phrase with suitable PP. Make some changes in the sentence if it’s necessary. There are some clues for you below:
into a habit of due to for + time
in spite of by means of on + V-ing
I am used to swimming in the afternoon.
I can pass the exam because I worked very hard.
Although he is a very intelligent student, he still fails to succeed.
She loves watching the cartoon “ Tom and Jerry “.
She went to Ho Chi Minh city a month ago