Preposition - So Various

Giới Từ
PREPOSITIONS

Giới từ (preposition) là từ dùng để nối một danh từ (noun) hoặc đại từ (pronoun) với những thành phần khác trong câu.

- He goes to school every day.
- I usually get up at six o’clock.
- He’s been waiting for her since early morning.

[A] : Một số giới từ chỉ thời gian thông dụng. (Some common prepositions of time)

* AT : Ta dùng at với điểm thời gian (times)
at 5 o’clock at 11.45 at midnight at noon at lunchtime
- Tom usually leaves work at 5 o’clock.

Ta cũng dùng at trong những thành ngữ sau :
At night - I don’t like going out at night.
At the weekend / at weekends - Will you be here at the weekend?
At Christmas / at Easter - We give each other presents at Christmas.
At the moment / at present - Mr Benn is busy at the moment.
At the same time - Ann and I arrived at the same time.
At the age of… - Tom left school at the age of 16 / at 16.

* ON : Ta dùng on với ngày trong tuần (days) và ngày trong tháng (dates)
on March 12th on Friday on Christmas Day
- They got married on March 12th.
Ta cũng có thể nói :
on Friday morning(s) on Sunday afternoon(s) on Saturday night(s)
on the morning of the fifth …
- I usually go out on Sunday evenings.

* IN : Ta dùng in với khoảng thời gian dài hơn như : tháng (months), năm (years), mùa (seasons):
in April in 1968 in (the) winter
in the 18th century in the 1970s in the Middle Ages
Ta cũng có thể nói :
in the morning(s) in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s)
- I’ll see you in the morning. (nhưng I’ll see you on Friday morning.)
Ta không được dùng at / on / in trước last và next:
- I’ll see you next Friday.
- They got married last March.
Nếu sau in là một khoảng thời gian thì thời gian đó ở tương lai:
- The train will leave in a few minutes. (= a few minutes from now)
- Jack’s gone away. He’ll be back in a week. (= a week from now.)
- They are getting married in six months.
[B]: Một vài giới từ chỉ vị trí thông dụng. (Some common prepositions of position)
* AT : Ta dùng at khi ta muốn nói ai đó đang có mặt tại một sự kiện nào đó đang xảy ra (someone is at an event) như :
at a party at a meeting at a conference
at a concert at a football match at a cinema

- Were there many people at the party?
- I saw Jack at the football match on Saturday.
Chúng ta nói :
at home at university at the seaside in bed
on a farm at work at a station at sea (on a voyage)
in hospital at school at an airport in prison

- Julia is studying medicine at university.
- Tom’s father is in hospital.
- Have you ever worked on a farm?

* IN : Ta dùng in với thành phố (cities) và làng mạc (villages).
- His parents live in London.
- He was born in a small village near Manchester.
Ta thường nói :
in a room in a building in the water in a row /in a line
in a garden in a park in the sea in a queue
in a town in a country in a river in an armchair
in a picture in a photogragh in a mirror in the sky
in your hand in a newspaper in your hand in the mountain

- “Who is that woman in that photogragh ?”
- It was a lovely day. There wasn’t a cloud in the sky.
- Don’t sit in that armchair. It’s broken. (nhưng Don’t sit on that chair.)

at the top at the end of the street at the back at the bus stop
at the bottom at the corner of the street at the front at the door

- Who is that man standing at the door ?
- Write your name at the top of the page.
- Jack’s house is a white one at the end of the street.
- There’s a