PHRASES & CLAUSES OF RESULT

PHRASES & CLAUSES OF RESULT

I. PHRASES OF RESULT:
1. TOO adj/ adv ( for O) TO : ( quá ... nên không thể)
- Jason runs slowly. He can’t win the race.
a. Jason runs too slowly to win the race.
- The dictionary is very expensive. We can’t buy it.
b. The dictionary is too expensive for us to buy.
- She ran very fast. Her brother couldn’t catch up with her.
c. She ran too fast for her brother to catch up with her.
S + BE/V+ TOO adj/adv (for O) + to V + (O)


2. (NOT) adj/ adv ENOUGH (for O) TO: [ (không) đủ....để có thể]
- She speaks English well. She can get a good job.
a. She speaks English well enough to get a good job.
- It is warm today. We can play water polo.
b. It is warm enough today for us to play water polo.
- Jason runs too slowly to catch up with his sister.
c. Jason doesn’t run quickly enough to catch up with his sister.
S + BE/ V ( not) + adj/adv ENOUGH (for O) + to V + (O)


Notes: Khi S1= S2, ta không dùng for O (câu a). Khi S1 ( S2, ta dùng for O ( câu b,c).
Khi S và O trong cụm từ (to V + O) là hai người, hai (sự) vật khác nhau ta giữ lại O
(câu a,c). Khi S = O, ta bỏ O.
II. CLAUSES OF RESULT:
1. SO adj/ adv THAT:
a. It was dark. We couldn’t see anything.
( It was so dark that we couldn’t see anything.
b. The soup tastes good. Everyone will ask for more.
( The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
c. Jason ran fast. He could catch her sister up.
( Jason ran so fast that he could catch her sister up.
S + BE/ V+ SO adj/adv THAT + S + V + (O)


2. SUCH ( a/ an) adj N(S) THAT:
a. The book is very expensive . We can’t buy it.
( It is such an expensive book that we can’t buy it.
( The book is such an expensive one that we can’t buy it.
( Việc thay thế NOUN(S) = ONE ( ONES) chỉ diễn ra với countable nouns).
b. She has interesting books. Everyone wants to borrow them.
( She has such interesting books that everyone wants to borrow them.
S + BE/ V+ SUCH (a/ an) adj NOUN(S) THAT + S + V + (O)

III. NOTES:
1. “ SUCH a/ an adj N ” can be replaceable by “ SO adj a/an N” ( only when a noun is preceded by a/an.)
a. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.
( It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
b. She has such a beautiful voice that we usually listen to her singing.
( She has so beautiful a voice that we usually listen to her singing.
S + BE/ V+ SO adj a/an N + THAT + S + V + (O)


2. We use SO, not SUCH, when a noun phrase is preceded by few/ many or little/ much
a. The Smiths have many children; they can form their own football team.
( The Smiths have so many children that they can form their own football team.
b. There are few places of entertainment in town, so you can visit them all in a day’s time.
( There are so few places of entertainment in town that you can visit them all in a day’s time.
c. She has spent much money on books; she has nothing to buy food.
( She has spent so much money on books that she has nothing to buy food.
d. There is little sugar left, so she can’t make a perfect tea.
( There is so little sugar left that she can’t make a perfect tea.
few/ many Ns
S + BE/ V+ SO + ---------------- + THAT + S + V + (O)
little/ much N


3. When SO/ SUCH are placed at the beginning of the sentence, there is an inversion of the subject and verb.
a.