PASSIVE VOICE.doc

PASSIVE VOICE (Thể bị động)
I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
 

Ex: Active: Susan wrote a letter.
      Passive:A letter was written by Susan.
      Active: He has bought some books.
     Passive: Some books have been bought (by him).
 
II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ
 
TENSES
ACTIVE FORM
PASSIVE FORM

Simple present
V1 / Vs(es)
Am / is / are + P.P

Present continuous
Am / is / are + V-ing
Am / is / are + being + P.P

Present perfect
Has / have + P.P
Has / have + been + P.P

Simple past
V2 / V-ed
Was / were + P.P

Past continuous
Was / were + V-ing
Was / were + being + P.P

Past perfect
Had + P.P
Had + been + P.P

Simple future
Will / shall + V1
Will / shall + be + P.P

Future perfect
Will/ shall + have + P.P
Will / shall + have + been + P.P

 
Ex: People speak English all over the world. 
→   English is spoken all over the world.
      They built the museum in 1990.               
→    The museum was built in 1990.
      Ann is washing the clothes.                      
→    The clothes are being washed by Ann.
      We have watched this film several times.
→   This film has been watched several times.
      She will give us another chance.              
→   We will be given another chance.
 They had made an announcement before I came.  
→   An announcement had been made before I came.
Note:
- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by
Ex: Smoke filled the room. →    The room was filled with smoke.
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O
 
III. CÁC DẠNG KHÁC TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Dạng động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs)
        Modal verbs (can / may / should / ought to…) + be + P.P
Ex: We should encourage her to take that job.   
→ She should be encouraged to take that job.
      They ought to send us the application form.   
→    The application form ought to be sent to us.
 
2. Dạng động từ nguyên mẫu: to be + P.P
Ex: She wishes them to inform the news.    
→ She wishes to be informed the news.
 
3. Dạng V-ing: being + P.P                           
 Ex: I like being invited to parties.
 
4. Dạng   câu có 2 túc từ
                           S + V + Indirect O + Direct O
Cách 1:      S + be + P.P + Direct O + by O
Ex: My brother has bought   me    some English books.
           S                  V           In.O             D.O
 → I have been bought some English books by my brother.
 
Cách 2:       S + be + P.P + to / for + Indirect O + by O
Ex: My brother has bought me some English books.
 →   Some English books have been bought for me by my brother.
     My friend told me an interesting story
 →   An interesting story was told to me by my friend.
Note:
-          Các động từ thường đi với giới từ to là: give, send, show, lend, promise, hand, pay, read, throw, wish, offer, …
-          Các động từ thường đi với giới từ for là: buy, get, make, do, leave, save, …
 
5. Dạng động từ chỉ ý kiến:say, think, report, believe, rumour, …
Active:      S + say / think + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …
Passive:    - It + is / was + said / thought … + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …
                 - S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to-inf … (hành động trong 2 mệnh đề xảy ra đồng thời hoặc hành động 2 xảy ra sau)
                - S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to have + V3   (hành động 2 xảy ra trước)
                - S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to be + V-ing   (hành động 2 dùng thì tiếp diễn)
Ex: People said that he had left.
    → It was said that