Passive voice

Passive voice
Passive forms in different tenses


1.  to-V
Active: S + V + Sb + to-V + O
Passive:
A:      S + V + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb)
B:      S + V + O + to be + PP.2 + (by Sb)
C:      Sb + be + PP.2 + to-V + O
2. Reporting Verbs = V1
think consider know believe say
suppose suspect rumor declare report
 S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + …..

a. Main verb in present tense
Active:
People/they + think/say/suppose…+ that + clause
Passive:
W1: It`s + thought/said/ supposed/….+ that + clause
( Clause= S + V + O)
W2:
Verb in clause is in present simple tense or future simple tense
S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed... + to + Vinf
Verb in clause is in past simple tense or present perfect tense.
S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2.
Eg 1:
People say that he is a good doctor.
>> It`s said that he is a good doctor.
He is said to be a good doctor.

Eg 2:
 People think he stole my car.
>> It`s thought he stole my car.
He is thought to have stolen my car.
b. Main verb in past tense
Active:
People/they + thought/said/supposed...+ that + clause.
Passive:
W1: It was + thought/ said/ supposed...+ that + clause.
W2:
Verb in clause is in past simple tense.
S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + Vinf.
Verb in clause is in past perfect tense.
S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed... + to + have + P2.
Eg 1:
They thought he was one of famous singers.
>> It was thought he was one of famous singers.
He was thought to be one of famous singers.
Eg 2:
They thought he had stolen that car.
>> It was thought he had stolen that car.
He was thought to have stolen that car.
3. Passive voice of special verbs
suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend
Active:
S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + clause.
( clause = S + V + O)
Passive:
It + was/ will be/ has been/ is... + P2( of 8 verb) + that + st + be + P2.
( “ be” in base form in clause)
Eg: He suggested that she buy a new car.
>> It was suggested that a new car be bought.
4. Passive voice with 2 objects
Oi = Indirect Object.
Od = Direct Object.
Active: S + V + Oi + Od
Passive:
1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od.
2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi. 
Eg:
 My friend gave me a present on my birthday.
>> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday by my friend.
Note: we use the preposition “ for” for verb “ buy”
5. Passive voice with subject “ it”
Active:
It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.
Passive :
It + be + adj + for st + to be done.



Eg: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour
>> It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour.
6. It + be + my/your/her/his/our/their… + duty + to-V + (O)

Passive: I/You/She/He/We/They + be + supposed + to-V + (O)

Ex:       It’s their duty to do this job.  
–> They are supposed to do this job.
7. It`s impossible to+Vinf
-->Passive:
S + can`t + be + P2


Eg: It`s impossible to solve this problem.
>> This problem can`t be solve.
8.  It`s necessary to + Vinf
Passive

S + should/ must + be +P2


Eg: It`s necessary for you to type this letter.
>> This letter should/ must be typed by you.
9. MAKE/ LET
Active :
S + make/ let + sb+ Vinf. 
Passive:
S +be+ made + to + Vinf
let + to + Vinf.

Eg: My parent never let me do anything by myself.
>> I`m never let to do anything by myself ( by my parent)
10. Have/ get
Active:
S + have(get) + sb + (to)Vinf
 Passive:
S + have + st + Vpp.
get + st + to be+ Vpp

Eg: I have my father repair my bike.
>> I have my bike repaired by my father.
We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
–> We get our house to be looked after (by him) when we are on business.