ÔN THI QUỐC GIA

B. PHẦN ÔN TẬP CỤ THỂ
PART ONE : PHONETICS
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1. The vowel sounds:
There are 20 vowels in the English language, 12 of them are pure vowels (single vowels), and the left eights dipthongs (combination of two vowels).
- The 12 pure vowels: / I - i: /, / e - æ/, / o - o:/, / ( - a: /, / u - u:/, / ∂ - з/.
- The 8 dipthongs: / ei - ai - oi /, / au - u /, / i∂ - e∂ - u
Practical Exercises
Ex1: Classify /i:/ and /I/:
Evening, tin, easy, eat, it, jean, since, this, meat, teach, film, interesting, tea, sea, seen, sit, seat, minute, fifty, cheese, chinese, free, three, be, she, pleased…
Ex 2: Classify /a:/ and / ( /:
Cut, cup, cart, card, done, come, mar, march, must, darn, last, lust, heart, harm, hut, much, calm, farm…
Ex 3: Classify /u:/ and / u/:
Look, cook, book, soot, shoot, pull, pool, could, shoe, suit, stood, stewed, to, too, wooed, wood, food, cool…
Ex 4: Classify / æ / and / e /:
Dad, dead, man, many, mad, any, at, sat, head, hand, fan, can, land, dense, send, set, met, letter, stretch, fed, catch…
Ex 5: Classify / o: / and / o / :
Corn, cord, copy, swan, sworn, sod, soared, shot, stock, talk, spot, sport, chalk, shock, loss, got, caught, bought…
Ex 6: Classify / з / and /
Her, teacher, heard, shirt, first, fur, stir, prefer, refer, occur, skirt, hurt, learn, today, sir, sister, brother…
Ex 7: Classify / au / and / ∂u /:
Now, no, show, how, hoe, loud, load, tone, town, couch, know, noun, known, foal, fowl, rouse, rose, stout, stoat, found, phone…
Ex 8: Classify / i∂ /, / e∂ /, / u∂ /:
Hear, hair, sure, tour, wear, near, fear, year, stair, cure, beard, cheer, scared, careful, fierce, moor, shared, careless, theatre…

Notes: Tripthongs and other vowel sequences:
/ ai /: fire, hire, tyre, buyer, wire, flyer, iron,…
/ ∂u /: slower, lower, grower, sower, mower,…
/ au /: flower, power, tower, shower, sour, flour,…
/ ei /: greyer, player, layer, payer, prayer,…
/ oi /: employer, destroyer, royal, loyal, annoyance,…
2. The consonants sounds:
There are 24 consonants in English, which are divided into voiceless and voiced consonants as they are shown below:
2.1. Voiceless consonants: / p /, / f /, / ( /, / t /, / s /, / ∫ /, / t∫ /, / k /, / h /.
2.2. Voiced consonants: / b /, / v /, / ( /, / d /, / z /, / Ʒ /, / /, / g /, / l /, /m /, / n /, / ŋ /, / r /, / w /, / j /.
Practical Exercises
Ex 9: Classify / ( / and / ( /:
Think, thigh, though, thought, breath, breathe, bath, bathe, cloth, clothe, clothing, clothes, threaten, although…
Ex 10: Classify / s / and / ∫ /:
She, see, sugar, seat, sound, show, sure, suit, sugary, sunny, soon, saturn, shrink, scream, settle, surely…
Classify / k/ and / t∫ /:
Chess, chimney, choice, chaos, chemist, chest, chemical, chicken, cheap, catch, chemistry, school, scholar…
Ex 12: Classify / s / and / z / :
See, seat, please, measure, mouse, pass, mass, bags, close, has, sum, sick, tease, sues, rise, lays, eyes…
3. The consonant clusters:
3.1. / s / + / p, t, k, f, m, n, w, j /
Spy, stay, sky, smile, snow, sleep, swear, suit, speak,…