ôn thi hsg tiếng anh gấp

SOME STRESS PATTERN RULES

1. Two- syllable verbs ( adj/ adv)
- Stresses on the 2nd syllables when :
+ a long vowel ( Nguyên âm dài)
+ a dipthong ( but /əu/)( nguyên âm đôi)(ngoại trừ âm /əu/)
+ > 1 final cosonant ( có hơn 1 phụ âm cuối)
Eg: refer/ rifз:r/
Design/ dizain/
Assist
Borrow follow

- stresses on the 1st syllables when:
+ a short vowel
+ 1 or no final consonant
Eg:
visit enter open finish
* Exceptions :
Permit /pә’mit/
2. Two- syllable nouns .
- Stresses on the 2nd syllables when:
+ A diphthong ( but /əu/)
+ A long vowel
Eg:
Advice design machine
* Exceptions : insight discord( sự bất hòa)
But : sorrow
- Stresses on the 1st syllables: the rest
student money apple

*Adjectives (same rule as verbs )
Happy, Clever, Correct, Extreme
Exceptions
Present, perfect, honest


3. Three – syllable verbs ( 3rd syllables)
3.1- Stresses on 2nd syllables:
+ a short vowel
+ <= 1 final consonant
Eg: encounter determine consider

3.2- Syllables end with : + a long vowel, a ditpthong( but /əu/), > 1 final cosonant ; stresses on themselves
Eg: Understand introduce
Entertain recollect
interrupt
recommend
Exceptions:
Verbs ending with “ish”
Establish
Demolish –phá hủy
Accomplish- hoàn thành
3.3 If the 3rd syllables consist of suffixes: - ate, -fy, /-ai/, the stresses on the 1st syllables.
Eg: concentrate accurate certify criticise

4. Three- syllable nouns
4.1. If the 3rd syllables consist of a short vowel or /əu/ ;
and the 2nd syllables consist of : + A long vowel
+A diphthong
+ > 1 consonant
The stresses on 2nd syllables
Eg: potato
disaster
volcano
tomorrow
advantage
4.2. The stresses on the 1st syllables, if the 3rd syllables consist of
+ a short vowel
+ a dipthong /əu/
+ > 1 final consonant
Eg: quantity accident photograph cinema animal elephant
character marigold


* Adjectives:
(same rule as nouns )

5. Compound words( từ ghép)
5.1 – Noun + noun: the stresses on the 1st syllables
Eg: handbag schoolyard taxidriver
5.2 – Adjective + noun : the stresses on nouns
Eg: loudspeaker first-class
Exceptions:
Greenhouse gentleman background blackboard blackmail whitehouse supermarket superstructure
infrastructure
6. Complex words( prefix-tiền tố, suffix- hậu tố)
6.1 - Prefixes:
Most of prefixes don’t affect the stress of the word
Ex: unhappy
Irregular
incorrect
But there are some exceptions
Nonsense – vô lí
Semicircle – hình bán nguyệt
Semibreve -nốt tròn
6.2 – Suffixes:
1.Suffixes carrying stress
“ee” refugee
trainee

Exception: employee
Committee
Coffee
oversee
“eer” career
engineer
volunteer
“ese” Vietnamese
Japanese
“ette” cigarette
Launderette- hiệu giặt tự động

- “ality; ility” personality flexibility ability
- “esque; ique” picturesque unique technique
Note: the suffix “al” doesn’t affect the stress but for words ending in “ent” Ex: Refuse ( Refusal Accidental, environmental, experimental, instrumental Exception: Origin ( original

2. The suffixes have stress preceding them( những hậu tố có trọng âm đứng trước nó)
eous advantageous
graphy Geography, photography, ( photo, photograph, photographer )
ial commercial, proverbial
ic climatic, economic, scientific
ion/tion/sion perfection, nation, education
ious religious, delicious, injurious
ive/itive/ relative, sensitive, informative, inventive
ative
Note: ise/ize/fy/ate/logy/logist/cracy