ON THI DH _ READING

Questions 1-10 refer to the following passage.
The most familiar speleothems (from the Greek word spelaion for cave and thema for deposit), the decorative dripstone features found in caves, are stalactites and stalagmites. Stalactites hang downward from the ceiling of the cave and are formed as drop after drop of water slowly trickles through cracks in the cave roof. Stalagmites grow upward from the floor of the cave, generally as a result of water dripping from an overhead stalactite. A column forms when a stalactite and a stalagmite grow until they join. A "curtain" or "drapery" begins to form on an inclined ceiling when drops of water trickle along a slope. Natural openings on the surface that lead to caves are called sinkholes, or swallow holes. Streams sometimes disappear down these holes and flow through the cavern. Rivers may flow from one mountain to another through a series of caves. Some caverns have sinkholes in their floors. Water often builds up a rim of dripstone around the edge of the hole. Dripping water often contains dissolved minerals as well as acid. These minerals too will be deposited; and they may give rich coloring to the deposits. If minerals in the water change, layers of different colors may be formed.1947
1. Stalagmites are formed by (A) drops of water which enter through cracks in the ceiling. (B) underground rivers which flow through the cave. (C) water dripping from an overhead stalactite. (D) water which trickles down a slope. 2. Sinkholes are (A) the decorative dripstone features found in caves. (B) natural openings on the surface that lead to caves. (C) colorful layers of mineral deposits. (D) None of the above 3. Which speleothem grows upward from the floor ? (A) Stalagmites (B) Stalactites (C) Sinkholes (D) Curtains 4. An "inclined ceiling" is one which (A) is straight. (B) is crooked. (C) is slanted. (D) is wet. 5. Which of the following are NOT caused by dripping water ? (A) Stalagmites (B) Stalactites (C) Slopes (D) Curtains 6. The information in the passage is most relevant to which field of study ? (A) Geography (B) Archaeology (C) Physics (D) Geology 7. "Curtains" can also be called (A) columns. (B) draperies. (C) stalagmites. (D) rims. 8. The word speeleothem comes frome which language? (A) Latin (B) French (C) Greek (D) English 9. Stalagmites are formed by (A) drops of water which enter the cave through cracks in the ceiling. (B) underground rivers which flow through the cave. (C) water which seeps through the cave floor. (D) water which trickles down a slope. 10. Which speleothem hangs from the ceiling of a cave? (A) Stalagmites (B) Stalactites (C) Columns (D) Rimstones
Questions 11-20 refer to the following passage
Horse owners who plan to breed one or more mares should have a working knowledge of heredity and know how to care for breeding animals and foals. The number of mares bred that actually conceive varies from about 40 to 85 percent, with the average running less than 50 percent. Some mares that do conceive fail to produce living foals. This means that, on average, two mares are kept a whole year to produce one foal, and even then, some foals are disappointments from the standpoint of quality. By careful selection, breeders throughout history have developed various kinds of horses with a wide variety of characteristics to suit many different needs. The Great Horse of the Middle Ages, for example, was bred for size and strength to carry a heavily armored knight. The massive horses of such breeds are often called "cold blooded." The Arabs bred lithe desert horses that were small and swift. These animals are often referred to as "hot blooded. " Cross-breeding of hot-blooded and cold-blooded horses for certain characteristics produced breeds ranging from riding horses to draft horses. The Thoroughbred is considered by many to be the highpoint of elegance and fine selective breeding. Many persons mistakenly apply the name Thoroughbred to any purebred horse. But a Thoroughbred is a distinct breed of running horses that traces its ancestry through the male line directly back to three Eastern stallions: the Byerly Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Barb. For convenience the breeds of horses are often divided into three major groups: (1) ponies, (2) heavy, or draft horses, and (3) light horses.
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