Ôn HSG Anh

SỞ GIÁO DỤC & ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH VĨNH PHÚC
PHÒNG GIÁO DỤC & ĐÀO TẠO HUYỆN LẬP THẠCH
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THE STUDY



“HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PARAGRAPH”




Họ và tên : NGUYỄN THỊ HÀ
Chức vụ : Giáo viên
Đơn vị : Trường THCS Lập Thạch – huyện Lập Thạch Tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc.
Đối tượng học sinh bồi dưỡng: HS lớp 8,9.
Số tiết bồi dưỡng: 12









PART I:

KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, BASIC METHODS, AND ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES



A, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

As we know, many students in Viet Nam cannot use English in communication after leaving high schools or universities, which is a big problem for our education system. The authorities really concern about teaching and learning English in Viet Nam, so they motivate the National Foreign Languages 2020 Project to help Vietnamese students improve and use English fluently. However, during my teaching I realize our students’ skills are not good. One of the four skills that students find it difficult and confusing is writing skill, especially writing paragraphs. Although many students are good at grammatical structures, know a variety of vocabularies, they do not know how to organize sentences to make a good paragraph and get good grade for their paragraph writing. To achieve this, students should hold the guidelines below.

B, CONTENTS

I, What is a paragraph?

A paragraph is a group of related sentences that discuss one (and usually only one) main idea. A paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten sentences. The number of sentences is unimportant; however, the paragraph should be long enough to develop the main idea clearly.
A paragraph should always have complete, correct sentences. As well it should be easy to read and well organized. The paragraph itself should focus on one subject, theme, or central idea. 
       In other words, a paragraph could be about an object such as a young boy. If the paragraph starts out talking about the boy, it must stay the same throughout. For example, if the writer were to talk about where a young boy lives and then go on to describe what the boy looks like, these are two separate ideas. This is demonstrated below:  John lived in San Francisco, California, with his two parents. He had his own bedroom, which he decorated himself. He and his parents all lived comfortably in the cozy apartment on the third floor. The apartments were only three blocks from where he attended J.U. High School.  John was only five years old, but he was extremely smart for his age. He wasn’t that tall and he was a bit on the skinny side. He had big blue eyes, light brown hair, rosy cheeks, and a friendly smile. Just looking at him he seemed like any other kid-- quite normal. Yet, everyone in his class looked at him differently because John could never be a normal kid. Instead, he wasn’t normal. No, he was a genius.          In this example you can see that the first paragraph is about where John lives and the second paragraph covers another topic or idea, which is what he looks like. When examining a paragraph you can always ask yourself, what is the main idea in this paragraph? If you see two ideas as in the above example you might have to create two paragraphs. Although, in order to understand what a paragraph is and how to write one, you need to know how a paragraph is constructed.           
II, Elements of a paragraph

A paragraph should contain some structures and particular elements, which are listed below in relative order:  1.A Topic sentence- motivates the reader to want to read more. Every good paragraph has a topic sentence, which clearly states the topic and the controlling idea of the paragraph.
A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. It briefly indicates what the paragraph is going to discuss. For this reason, the topic sentence is a helpful guide to both the write and the reader. The writer can see what information to include. The reader can see what the paragraph is going to be about and therefore better prepare to understand it. For example, in the model paragraph on gold, the topic sentence alerts the reader to look for two characteristics.


Gold

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications, such as photography and dentistry