ôn câu bị động

Chuyên đề 4: Passive voice
 I.    MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ :

   - Chuyên đề nhằm để mở rộng thêm kiến thức cho các em về một số cách chuyển sang bị động của các động từ đặc biệt. Đây là những trường hợp đặc biệt cần lưu ý để giúp các em tránh sai sót trong quá trình làm bài.

 II.  KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN 
1.  Somebody + want/ like/expect + someone to do something
     Somebody + want /like/expect + something + to be done
Ví dụ:
-The teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
-The teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully. They expected me to finish my work early.
                                                   -they expected my work to be finished early.
2.  Somebody      +     agree/arrange/determind/decide     +     to     do     something
 Somebody + agree/arange/determind/decide + that something + should be + done
Ví dụ:
She decided to rebuild the house
ÎShe decided that the house should be rebuilt.
3.  They/it + need(s) + doing
    they/ it + need(s) + to be done
Ví dụ:
- The house needs cleaning
- The house needs to be cleaned. The chickens need feeding
- The chickens need to be fed.
Hai cấu trúc này có thể chuyển đổi lại cho nhau, cả hai cấu trúc này đều mang nghĩa bị động.
4.  Somebody + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report + that + someone + do something
 - Cách 1: It is thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported that someone + do something
 - Cách 2: Someone is thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported to do something
Ví dụ: 
- People think he drives dangerously.
- It’s thought that he drives dangerously.
- He is thought to drive dangerously. People think he is a good teacher.
- It is thought that he is a good teacher.
- He is thought to be a good teacher.
5.  Somebody + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report + that + someone + did something
 - Cách 1: It is thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported that someone + did something
 - Cách 2: Someone is thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported to have + done something
Ví dụ:
People say he was a teacher.
It’s said that he was a teacher.
He is said to have been a teacher.
6.  It’s your duty to do something
You are supposed to do something (bổn phận của bạn là….)
Ví dụ:
It’s your duty to lock all the doors.
You are supposed to lock all the doors.
7.  Somebody + see/make/let + someone + do + something
 Someone is seen/made + to do something
 Someone is let + do something
Ví dụ:
He made me stay outside yesterday
 I was made to stay outside yesterday. The teacher let us go home early last week. Î We were let go home early last week.
8.  Somebody + have + someone + do something Somebody + get + someone + to do something Î Somebody + have + something + done
Ví dụ:
- He had his waiter carry the luggage home
- He had the luggage carried home by the waiter. I got the postman to post the letter for me.
- I had the letter posted for me by the postman.  
9.  Don’t do something   -  something musn’t be done
It’s impossible to do something - something can’t be done
It’s possible to do something - something can be done
Ví dụ:
Don’t touch this switch
This switch musn’t be touched
It is impossible to do this
This can’t be done.
10. Somebody + advise/ beg/ urge/ recommand someone to do something
Î Cách 1: someone is advised/ begged/ urged/ recommanded to do something Î Cách 2: somebody advise/ beg/ urge/ recommand that something should be done
Ví dụ:
He advised me to sell the car.
 I was advised to sell the car.
 He advised that the car should be sold.
11.  Somebody + agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is deternined/ is anxious +to do something
 - Somebody + agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is deternined/ is anxious + that something should be done
Ví dụ:
She decided to rebuild the house.
she decided that the house should be rebuilt.
12. Somebody + insist/ advise/ propose/ recommand/ suggest + doing something
 -Somebody insist/ advise/ propose/ recommand/ suggest that something should be done
Ví dụ:
He suggested selling the radio
He suggested that radio should be sold. They advised