MODAL PERECTIVE

MODAL + PERFECTIVE

(Cấu trúc hoàn thành với động từ hình thái, dùng để dự đoán hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ)
I/ Biểu thị 1 dự đoán hành động với khả năng chác chắn trong quá khứ:
Must + have + Vpp… -> chắc chắn đã, chắc là đã….
Note: Dạng phủ định của phán đoán này là: Can’t + have + Vpp…..
e.g: Sandra failed the exam. She mustn’t have learned hard.
Tony’s lights are out. He must have gone to bed.
II/ Biểu thị 1 khả năng, 1 điều có thể đã xãy ra trong quá khứ:
Could/ May/ Might + have + Vpp…. Có thể đã, có lẽ đã ….
e.g: It may have rained last night. I’m not sure.
John might have gone to the movies last night.
III/ Biểu thị 1 hành động khá chắc chắn đã xãy ra trong quá khứ:
Would + have + Vpp …. -> Rất có thể đã ….
e.g: He was so sad. He would have failed the exam.
IV/ Biểu thị 1 hành động lẽ ra phải được làm trong quá khứ:
Should/ Ought to + have + Vpp ….. -> Lẽ ra đã phải …..
(Cấu trúc này cùng nghĩa với: was/ were supposed to + Verb bare.)
e.g: The policeman should have made a report about the burglary.
(He did not make a report.)
The policeman was supposed to make a report ………
(He did not make a report.)
V/ Biểu thị 1 hành động lẽ ra không cần phải làm trong quá khứ:
Needn’t + have + Vpp …… -> Lẽ ra không cần phải …..
e.g: I needn’t have told Jane about the news. She had already known about it.

EXERCISE
I/ Supply the most suitable modal verb to form the modal perfective of the verbs in brackets:
The students (finish) the exam. They are absolutely leaving the building.
He (obtain) his degree if he had wanted to, but he was too lazy to try.
My boss is angry with me. I didn’t do all the work that I (do) last week.
“Why is the ground so wet?” - “It (rain) last night.
If the workmen had gone on strike, they (not enjoy) better working condition.
As he was dying, the old man said “I (make) a lot of mistakes in my life, but I don’t regret any of them.”
How stupid of me to leave the map behind. I (take) it with me, and we (not get) lost.
It’s a good thing you didn’t lend him the money. You (never get) it back.
Henri was deported for having an expired visa. He (have) his visa renewed.
Julia was absent for the first time yesterday. She (be) sick.
The photos are black. The X-rays at the airport (damage) them.
Blanca got a parking ticket. She (not park) in a reserved spot, since she had no permit.
Carmencita did very well on the exam. She (study) very hard.
Jeanette did very badly on the exam. She (study) harder.
John called us as soon as his wife had he baby. He (be) very proud.
Eve had to pay $5.00 because she wrote a bad check. She (deposit) her money before she wrote a check.
John isn’t here yet. He (forget) our meeting.
George (go) on a trip to Chicago if he had had time.
John didn’t do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. He (do) his homework.
Where do you think Juan is today? –I have no idea. He (sleep) late.
Thomas received a warning for speeding. He (not drive) so fast.
Henry’s car stopped on the highway. It (run) out of gas.

II. Rewrite the following sentences, using Modal + perfective:
I’m quite sure that she didn’t steal the necklace. -> She can’t ……………..
He lost his money simply because he was not careful. -> If …………………
It’s possible that he didn’t get my letter. -> He might …………………….
I’m absolutely sure that they weren’t playing in this weather. -> They can’t ………
Why didn’t I think of that before. -> I should ……………..
She most certainly wasn’t on London on the 26th. -> She couldn’t possibly ………..
I only bought the dog because my children wanted a pet. -> If ………………….
It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much