MAJOR CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENT

Major Cultural Achievement
of Rome
Phương Loan – B2 AV 36
Content
Roman Law
Language and Literature
Architecture
Roman Law
Introduction:
- The legal system developed by the Romans
- From 450 B.C. to the death of Justinian I (the ruler of the Byzantine Empire) in AD 565.
2. Roman law Prior to the Twelve Tables:
- rested on custom
- religious in character
- its interpretation rested with priests-the members of the patrician class
- unwritten so patrician officials could act unfairly
=>complained by the plebeians =>The establishment of the twelve tables

Byzantine: thu?c d? qu?c La Mó
Patrician: quý t?c
Plebeians: ngu?i bỡnh dõn La Mó
Rest on: d?a trờn
Roman Law
3. The Twelve Tables
The draft submitted to and accepted by the popular assembly
was formalized in 451-450 BC from existing oral law by a special group of patrician and plebian officials
This code set simple rules suitable for an agricultural community
Established equal law for patricians and plebeians and was prized by the Romans as the source of all public and private law.
The laws were carved on 12 tablets of bronze, which were placed on the walls of public buildings.
Originally, 10 tables were caved. The 2 more tablets were added the following year.
The tablets were destroyed in the sack of Rome by the Gauls in 390 BC
Oral: bằng lời nói
Gauls: các nước Châu Âu cổ: Pháp, Bắc Hà Lan và một phần Thụy Sĩ
I. Latin language: the language of ancient Rome and the neighboring territory of Latium.
- The spread of Roman power =>was carried to every part of the known ancient world
- Became the dominant tongue of Western Europe
- Was the language of scholarship and diplomacy until the 18th century and of the Roman Catholic liturgy until the late 20th century
- was not native to Italy but was brought into the Italian Peninsula in prehistoric times by Italic peoples who migrated from the North
- A member of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European languages, it is related especially closely to Sanskrit and Greek and to the Germanic and Celtic subfamilies
- Latin is the basis for the modern languages of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian_ the Romance languages

Language
Liturgy: nghi thức tế lễ
Sanskrit: Tiếng Phạn
Celtic: Tiếng Xen-tơ
Language
2. Romance languages: the group of modern languages derived from the ancient Latin language
Most modern European languages use the original Latin Alphabet
developed from the colloquial Latin of late Roman times, their separation from Latin becoming evident in the 5th to 9th centuries.
spoken by about 700 million people
These languages form a major group in the Indo-European languages
Literature
- Most people in Rome did not know how to read or write
- Rome developed important works of literature.
- Virgil (70-19 BC) is the greatest of all Roman poets.
He was the author of the masterpiece the Aeneid, the most influential work of Roman literature. Virgil spent 10 years writing this work.
Virgil
Architecture
* borrow ideas from earlier civilization: The Greeks and the Estruscans:
Use:
Arches
Columns
* Improve on the arch: rounded arches => invent dome (roof formed)
Architecture
* New building materials:
Ex: Concrete:
Lime + Oil => Concrete
* Build huge structures:

The Colosseum in Rome opened in AD 80 is best known for its multilevel system of vaults made of concrete. It is called the Colosseum for a colossal statue of Nero that once stood nearby, but its real name is the Flavian Amphitheater. It was used for staged battles between lions and Christians, among other spectacles, and is one of the most famous pieces of architecture in the world.
Building
Building
The Great Synagogue in Rome, Italy, was built from 1901 to 1904 on the site of the city’s former Jewish Ghetto.
Building
Basilica of Maxentius
Building
Imperial Forum, Rome
Building
The Pantheon in Rome is one of the most famous buildings in the world
Building
Theater at Orange
The ancient theater at Orange in France was built in the 1st century AD, when the town was part of the Roman Empire.
Building
Roman emperor Hadrian’s villa
Building
Roman Theater of Mérida
Founded by the Romans in 25 BC and named Augusta Emerita
Roads
A network of roads
From about AD 100 to 150, the roads stretched from one end of the empire to the other
Built of heavy blocks set in layers of crush stone and pebbles
Aqueduct
Built to carry water
Tunneled through mountain, crossed deep valleys, even rose above towns
More than 200 aqueducts were built
Thanks for your listening!!!