LUYỆN HSG 2

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: REPORTED SPEECH.
(CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG
1. Thay đổi động từ trong câu tường thuật
Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp hay câu nói gián tiếp. Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo trường hợp cụ thể. Dưới đây là các động tường thuật dùng trong câu:
Said → said that
Said to sb → told sb
Ex: - He said, “I am twenty years old.”
He said that he was twenty years old.
- He said to me, “I work in a factory.”
He told me that he worked in a factory.
2. Thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:
Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:

Simple present (V(s/es))
( Simple past (V2/ed )

Simple past (V2/ed)
( Past perfect ( had + V3/ed )

Simple future (will/ shall + V0 )
( Future in the past ( would/ should + V0 )

Present continuous (am/is/are + V-ing)
( Past continuous (was/ were + V-ing )

Past continuous (was/were + V-ing)
( Past perfect continuous / past continuous

Future continuous (will + be + V-ing)
( Future continuous in the past (would + be + V-ing)

Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed)
( Past perfect (had + V3/ed)

Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
( Past perfect (had + V3/ed)

Future perfect (will + have + V3/ed)
( Future perfect in the past (would + have + V3/ed)

can
( could

may
( might

must
( had to

 Ex: He said, “I am a taxi driver.”
He said that he was a taxi driver.
He said, “I am living in London.”
He said that he was living in London.
He said, “I have visited many famous places.”
He said that he had visited many famous places.
He said, “I visited The Great Wall in China.”
He said that he had visited The Great Wall in China.
He said, “I will look for a better job.”
He said he would look for a better job.
“I must go now,” Alice said. → Alice said that he had to go at that time.
She said, “I can swim.”
She said she could swim.
3. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:

Câu trực tiếp
Câu gián tiếp

Ngôi thứ nhất
Đôỉ thành ngôi của người nói (cùng ngôi với chủ từ trong mệnh đề chính

Ngôi thứ hai
Đổi thành ngôi của người nghe (cùng ngôi với tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính)

Ngôi thứ ba
Không thay đổi


Ex: He said, “I like my job.”
He said that he like his job.
He said to me, “You look like my sister.”
He told me that I looked like his siter.
4. Thay đổi từ chỉ định, các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH

this
that

these
those

now
then, at that time, immediately

here
there

today
that day

ago
before

yesterday
the day before, the previous day

tomorrow
the next day, the following day, the day after

this year / month / week
that year / month / week

last year / month / week
the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week.

next year / month / week
the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week.

a year / month / week ago
a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier

The day before yesterday
Two days before

The day after tomorrow
Two days after


Ex: He said, “I am working hard today.”
He said that he was working hard that day.
They said, “We went to work late yesterday.”
They said