Lời nói trực tiếp, gián tiếp

Lời nói trực tiếp, Lời nói gián tiếp
Teacher : Dang Viet Thao – HaNoi University
Nội Dung
Bai tap
Loi noi gian tiep
Loi noi truc tiep
Định nghĩa
Lời nói trực tiếp
1. LỜI NÓI TRỰC TIẾP (direct speech): là lời nói nguyên văn của người nói, được cho trong ngoặc kép.
VD: she said “I’m a teacher”
2. LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP (indirect speech) : là lời nói thuật lại lời nói của người khác, nội dung thì dữ nguyên nhưng phải thay đổi thì, đại từ nhân xưng và các trạng từ trong câu.

VD: she said that she was a teacher.
BẢNG THAY ĐỔI THÌ TRONG CÂU
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Simple present Simple past
Simple past Past perfect
Present perfect Past perfect
Past perfect Past perfect
Future Future in the past (Would + V)
Present continuous Past continuous
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Future continuous (will be V_ing) Would be V_ing

VD: he said that “I don’t love you any more”
→ he said that he didn’t love me anymore.


VD: “We found the missing baby” Police said.
→ Police said that they had found the missing baby.
4. Cần chú ý các thay đổi với các động từ khuyết thiếu sau:
Will → would
Would → would
Shall → should
Should → should
Can → could
Could → could
May → might
Might → might
Ví Dụ
VD: “I will help your children with their study” she told the children’ parents.

→ She told the children’ parents that she would help their children with their study.

VD: “You should take a rest when you’re tired”
→ The mother advised the son that he should take a rest when he was tired
Must do → had to do
VD: “You must see the dentist” the mother said to her son
→ The mother told her son that he had to see the dentist
Mustn’t do → weren’t / wasn’t allowed to do
VD: he said “you musn’t smoke here”
→ he told me that I wasn’t allowed to smoke there.
BẢNG THAY ĐỔI VỀ THỜI GIAN
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Now/ at present then
this that
These those
Here there
Ago before
today/ nowdays that day
Tomorrow The next day/ the following day
Yesterday the day before/ the previous day
last month/ year the previous month/ year
recently / lately previously
VD: Marry said “I am washing the dishes now”
→ Marry said that she was washing the dishes then
VD: “I saw this car yesterday,” he told the police
→ He told the police that he had seen that car the day before
6. ĐỐI VỚI CÂU HỎI
a, wh_question: ta phải chuyển về sắc thái câu kể
VD: “who are you?” she asked.
→ she asked me who I was.
VD: They said, “Where did you come from, Peter?”
→ They asked Peter where he had come from.
b, Yes/ No question : ta dùng kèm theo if và whether
VD: he said, “Are you tired?”
→ He asked me if/ whether I was tired (anh ấy hỏi tôi liệu tôi có mệt hay ko.
VD “Do you know Marry?” she asked the man
→She asked the man if / whether he knew Marry
c, CÂU MỆNH LỆNH
tell/ ask / order sb (not) to do sth

VD “go away” he said to Daisy
→ he told Daisy to go away
“Don’t do that. Are you mad?” I said to him
→ I ordered him not to do that and asked him if he was mad.
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH
Loại 1 → loại 2
Loại 2 → loại 3
Loại 3 → loại 3

VD: he said “ if it’s hot, I’ll go swimming”
→ he said that if it were hot, he would go swimming
CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH
I wish I were at home”
→ She said that she wished she had been at home
8. Trường hợp đặc biệt
VD: he said “Let’s go out”
→ he suggested going out
→ he suggested that they should go out
Suggest V_ing
That sb (should) do
* offer sb sth : cho ai cái gì
VD: she offered me a glass of beer
* “Would you like to do sth…?”
→ invite sb to do sth
VD: “would you like to go to the cinema, Mai? I said.
→ I invited Mai to go to the cinema .
Bài tập
He said “ when we were living in Australia we often saw John”.
“ I’d be very grateful if you’d keep me informed”, he said
“I’ll do it tomorrow”, he said.
He asked,” what have you got in your bag?”
He said, “You mustn’t tell anyone”
“Will your team take part in the games next year?” I asked the coach.
The father said to the son, “ Don’t try to break the law.”
“Why do’t we have a short braek now? I’m too tired to go on working”, Sally said
“ I know the place well because I used to live here” David explained.
“Susan, this is Miss Queenie from Vietnam. Ms Susan, Miss Queenie” John said
Mr Green said, “Jack! Why don’t you go to bed early?”
She asked, “ Shall I shut the window?”
The Policeman said to us, “ you mustn’t cross the street against the red light.”
“Did you finish the report?” said my boss.
Dick said to us, “My father died in 1998”
“sit down and tell me what is worrying yiu!” he said to her.
“We like working on Saturday because we get double pay” exlained the builders.
I’ll give you a lift if you like”, he said to me.
“I’m sorry I’m late” she said
“sorry, I’m late, I got held up in the traffic”, he said
“How long have been learning English? She aske my brother.
“I am going out now but I’ll be in by ine” his wife told him.
“Do you go to work this Sunday?” I asked my mother
“
Thank You !