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HOW TO WRITE VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
Designed & Presented by VO PHAM THIEN THY M.A.
PART I
A. VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
I. TYPE 1: Multiple-Choice Completion:
1. Vocabulary Choice.
2. Context preparation
3. Distracter Preparation
4. Instruction Preparation
II. TYPE 2: Word Formation
1. Filling in missing parts of words.
2. Stem-First Procedure.
TYPE I. Multiple-Choice Completion
1. Vocabulary Choice
From Students’ reading materials or from other sources like newspapers, magazines, and textbooks ,and from other reference materials
REMEMBER:
Only use content words ( nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.)
Function words ( articles, determiners, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs)
When using words not found in your classroom textbook, be careful of bias!
2. Context preparation
More than one sentence is needed to help clarify meaning.
Ex: “ I want to paint, too!”
“ All right. Use that __________ over there!”
A. brush
B. pencil
C. broom
D. spoon
Please have a look at the two sentences and decide which sentence is better !
1.Human being ________ in many ways.
A. interrogate
B. philosophize
C. communicate
D. investigate
2. Some people ______________ ___disapproval by holding their nose between their thumb and forefinger.
A. interrogate
B. philosophize
C. communicate
D. investigate
Ex 2: Frank is certainly very ______________
ambitious B. optimistic
courteous D. superstitious
Ex 3 : “ Frank is very ____________________; he says, “ break a mirror, and you’ll have bad luck.”
A. ambitious
B. optimistic
C. courteous
D. superstitious
3. Distractor Preparation:
Create your own distractors
Use students’ errors as distractors
REMEMBER:
a. The distractors are the same form of word as the correct answer.
E.g.: She had to help the __________ old man up the stairs.
A. weak
B. slowly
C. try
D. wisdom
A. weak
B. kind
C. pleasant
D. bent
A, weak
B. strong
C. energetic
D. athletic
b. Never give away the right answer through grammatical cues
Ex: She needs to get up earlier so she is buying an ____ clock.
A. Time B. alarm C. watch D. bell
Ex: She needs to get up earlier so she is buying __________ clock.
A. a time
B. an alarm
C. a watch
D. a bell
c. Be sure all the distractors are the same level of difficulty
Ex: They needed lots of training to operate such _____________ ___equipment.
d. Be sure not include more than one correct answer
A. easy
B. sophisticated
C. blue
D. wise
Ex: She sent the ________ ____yesterday
A. letter
B. gift
C. food
D. books
B. post office
C. friend
D. courage
A. letter
4. Instruction Preparation:
a. Instructions for the test should be brief.
Ex: “Circle the letter of the right answer.”
Ex: “Circle the letter of the word that best completes each sentence”.
b. Instructions can be made clear by one or two examples
Ex; They drove to work in their new_________.
A. house B. car C. Office D. street
“ We circle ‘B’ because ‘car’ is the only word that fits into the sentence.”
Multiple-choice Cloze Test:
Usually content words ( school or run) and function words ( such as the or in) are deleted
Provide more context _often more than one paragraph.
Ex:
After the capture of Troy, Ulysses set out for his (1) ___________ many miles away; But so many strange (2) ___________ happened to him on his journey that ten (3) _________ passed before he reached Ithaca “.
A. neighborhood
B. continent
C. homeland
D. street
1.
2
A. sights
B. things
C. places
D. people
3.
A. years
B. timer
C. roads
D. cities
TYPE 2 : WORD FORMATION
Ex: He was a very ner_______ person
ous
y
nervous: worried or timid.
nervy : bold or offensive
1. Adding a prefix or suffix:
Ex1: My teach____ is very helpful.
Ex2 : That was a care ___________ answer.
Ex 3: Yesterday he got the wrong bus, so today he was care_____ to find the right one.
ful
er
ful / less
2. Stem-First Procedure
Ex; She has a ________ ___new dress ( BEAUTY).
beautiful
PART II :
HOW TO COMPOSE GRAMMAR QUESTIONS
I. Multiple-choice Completion
1. Grammar Choice
2. Context Preparation
3.Distractor Preparation
II . Sentence Completion
1. The Option Form
2. The Inflection Form
3. The free-Response Form
III. Error Identification
I. Multiple-Choice Completion
1. Grammar Choice
what structure You have taught since the last test
How to give different “weight” to various grammar points
How many of each grammar type to include
Let’s say you spent three times longer on Modal Auxiliaries than on Two- Word Verbs. You could prepare two or three times as many questions on the Modals. This is a part of planning that is necessary
2. Context Preparation
Good context is very important !
Using only a few words
Ex: I don’t want _______
A. to go B. go C. going D. to going
Using a two-sentence approach ( if your test items require a lot of context)
Ex: Jim hasn’t eaten anything, and he won’t talk and play. He ___________ be ill.
A. can
B. will
C. ought to
D. must
3. Distractor Preparation
ATTENTION!
a. Avoid using distractors that sound alike
Ex: ________ the one who know the answers.
A. They are
B. There
C. They’re
D. Their
b. Avoid items that test divided usage, or items that only test different levels of formality.
Ex: You can get it from the lady _________ he sold it to.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. why
c. Avoid confusing or tiring students by having them reread unnecessary material.
E.g: If I had a new fur coat, ________________________________.
A. I showed it to everyone.
B. I’d show it to everyone.
C. I’ve shown it to everyone
D. I’ll show it to everyone.
Revised
If I had a new fur coat, I ________ __ __ to everyone.
A. showed.
B. would show
C. have shown
D. will show
d. Not to mix categories like the following
E.g. : They just bought ____________ furniture.
A. a few
B. several
C. some
D. with
Revised
E,g. : They just bought ________________ .
A. a few furnitures
B. several furnitures
C. some furniture
D. a furniture
2. Error Identification
E.g. : Rain is slight (A) acidic even in unpolluted (B) air, because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and other natural (C) acid-forming gases dissolve (D) in the water
Remember to have Students identify the error, it is also possible to have them give the correct form
A. slight  slightly
3. Sentence Completion
a. The Option Form
likes multiple-choice questions with only two options
E. g. : Direction: Complete the following sentences with “Do” or “Make”
1. He __________ a lot of money last year.
2. I always __________ my best.
made
do
E.g.: The woman ______ for the tragedy ( was crying/ cry).
The magician performed some ________ tricks ( astonishing/ astonished )
b. The Inflection Form
Testing the mastery of inflection provides a productive response. These vary from simple comparatives to verb tense questions:
E.g. : 1. He’s the ________ (tall) person in the class.
2.They ______ (be) in Colorado last week.
3. “What’s Tom doing now?”_ “ Oh, he ______ (sing).
c.The Free_Response Form
The free-response form illustrates how that common terminology can occasionally be used
Example: Add a question tag to these sentences:
Hamlet was indecisive, ______ ?
Polonius knew a lot of aphorisms, ______ ?
It is good to use an example to make sure that no one is confused.
Example; Write in the missing part of the two-word verb.
“ What time did he get_______ this morning?”
Example: Write in a two-word verb that has the same meaning as the word provided in the brackets.
“Jack _______________(refuse) that suggestion”
up
turned down
HOW TO WRITE READING QUESTIONS
Designed & Presented by VO PHAM THIEN THY M.A.
PART III
Use a variety of types of questions on your reading test.
A. Paraphrase
B. Synthesis
C. Inference
Things to remember:
Questions should not be asked for words or phrases exactly as they appear in the passage.
Avoid illogical distractors.
(3) They shouldn`t be written in such a way that they can be answered from general knowledge.
1. Questions should not be asked for words or phrases exactly as they appear in the passage/paragraph.
Ex: “About half of all insects live on the plants. The rest catch and kill others insects for food.They are hunters of the insect word. Each kind of hunter insect has a weapon........’.
Q : Each kind of hunter insect ________.
picks a leader B. has a weapon
C. eats plants D.has a basket
2. Avoid illogical distractors like those in the following item:
In this study, the high divorce rate was caused by ________
A. The great kindness of husbands and wives to each other.
B. Heavy drinking by the mate who was working.
C. Positive relationships of parents and children.
D. Having a lot of money to pay bills with
3. Questions shouldn’t be in such a way that they can be answered from general knowlege
Ex
“The camel can go without water for a long time. Some people think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores food in its hump. The camel’s body changes the food into fat. Then it stores the fat in its hump......”
Q1: The camel can go without _______ for a long time.
A. Food B. Fat C. Water D. Heat.
A. PARAPHRASE QUESTIONS:
The term simply means repeating another’s ideas in your own understanding but retaining the thought of the statement in the passage or paragraph
Forms:
What is the main idea of the (first/second) paragraph?
In this passage/ paragraph we learn that….
The (first/second) paragraph is mostly probably about…
Ex: “Karate is a science of unarmed self-defense and counter attack. It is a sort of ‘ weapon in an empty hand!’. In many U.S cities thousands of young people are developing their minds as well as their bodies by learning karate”
The paraphrase of this is : “Karate is being taught to many young Americans.”
Here is the resulting question:
In this passage we learn that karate__________________
A. is being taught to many young American
B. and training for the mind are both being taught.

C. can remove a weapon from someone’s hand.
D. is used to start a fight.

Ex2
“ Dolphins are playful and beautiful animals. They live in the ocean but breathe air. They come to the surface to breathe from a hole in their head. Dolphins have a lean, muscular body shaped like that of a small whale…..”
Q: According to the paragraph, dolphins ______?
A. Breathe ocean water.
B. Use a hole in their head to breathe air.
C. Breath like a small whale.
D. Use a fin on their back to breathe

B.SYNTHESIS QUESTIONS:
This type of this question requires integration of ideas from more than one sentence; sometimes from the entire selection.
Forms:
Which of the following statements best summarize the main idea of the passage?
Which of the following would serve as the best title of the passage?
A good title for this selection would be_______
Ex:
“Karate is a science of unarmed self-defense and counter attack. It is a sort of “ weapon in an empty hand!”. In many U.S cities thousands of young people are developing their minds as well as their bodies by learning karate. “ I’ve been taking karate lessons for five years now”, says sixteen-year-old Bobby Hamilton of Columbus, Ohio, “and it’s great! I find myself doing things that I thought I could never do!” Paula Jones has just begun taking karate lessons at her high school in Philadelphia. She feels that she has more self-confidence because of the lesson. “I am more aware of myself”, she says. “I already have learned so much about myself-control. I know everything in life is not going to be easy. Karate helps me for the times when I’ll have to meet my problems face to face.”
Q 1: A good title for this selection would be___________.
Americans Imports a Japanese Sport.
B. Karate-Weaponless Protection for young people.
C. School Children Enjoy a New kind of Physical Education Class
D. Self-Perfection through Self-Protection

C. INFERENCE QUESTIONS:
This kind of this question requires students to see implications in what they read in the selection
Forms:
Which of the following can be inferred about _______?
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
It is implied in the passage that ________
Based on the information in the paragraph/passage, which of the following can be inferred?
Ex:
“Two men, Gerard and Dennis, were traveling in a forest. They had just been forced to kill a large baby bear in self-defense. The Gerard heard a sound behind them. It was a strange sound, too,like something heavy,but not hard, rush in over dry leaves. It was a large bear, as big as a horse, running after them a shortdistance away. As soon as he saw it, Gerald cried out in fear, “The baby bear’s mother!”
The mother bear was probably running because it ____
A. Was afraid of Gerard and Denis and wanted to escape.
B.Wanted to hurt those who had killed its baby.
C.Was chasing a horse, a short distance away.
D. Enjoyed running,like horses and other animals do.

HOW TO COMPOSE WRITING QUESTIONS.
PART IV
There are 4 types :
LIMITED RESPONSE:
Sentence Combining
Sentence Expansion.
Sentence Reduction
B. GUIDED WRITING:
Multiple-choice Sentence.
Pick out the Sentence
Scramble the Sentence
C. BUILDING FROM A PARAGRAPH OUTLINE
D. FREE WRITING.
A. LIMITED RESPONSES
1. Sentence combining:
This kind is a common pre-writing, takes many forms. Here we just focus on two of them
a.Combining by adding a connective ( and, moreover, furthermore,but, however,nevertheless, so, consequently, therefore..)
Ex: The dog barked ______ wagged his tail.
This meeting lacks a quorum; _________, they will adjour it until next week.
Note: We can use this approach with Subordinators expressing time ( after, before, since), condition (if, whether or not, unless,) and cause ( since, because).
but
therefore
b. Combining sentences by making internal changes in the grammar, structure

Ex 1.Some people come late. They will not get good seat ( that).
Some people that come late will not get good seats
Ex 2. I am surprised. Nobody likes her ( It....that)
It surprised me that nobody likes her
2. Sentence expansion:
This is another kind of Pre-writing evaluation. It can invole simply words such as adjectives, adverbs and even phrases or clauses.
Ex 1: The ____ __man hurried _____ __to the ________ horse.
Ex 2: His decision ____ ________surprised everyone ______________________ ____.
old
out
frightened
to quit his job
that knew him
3. Sentence reduction
Ex1: He told about a man who had a wooden leg (with)
________________________________________________
It often requires a cue word to show how to begin a new phrase:
He told us about a man with a wooden wood leg.
Ex2:
He graduated from University when he was 22 years old (age)
___________________________________________________.
He graduated from University at the age of twenty-two.
B. GUIDED WRITING
Multiple-choice sentences: Find the part of the sentence where the mistake occurs
Ex1:We sent for (A) a repairman to take (B) a look at the telephone (C). In the office where I work. (D)
2. Pick out the sentence that does not relate to the coherence of the selection:
One way is to find a good unified paragraph and then add a sentence that is unrelated. Students have to find the sentence that doesn’t fit.
(1) Some people think they have an answer to the troubles of automobile crowding and dirty air in large cities.(2) Their answer is the bicycle , or “bike”.(3) In a great many cities, hundreds of people now ride bicycles to work everyday. (4) Some work with their hands while others depend mostly on their brains while working. (5) a group of New York bike riders claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be less dirty in the city from car engines
Ex:
3. Scramble the sentences: Students have to put the sentences back to their original order
Ex Please, See the sample in the textbook on p.43 !

C. BUIDING FROM A PARAGRAPH OUTLINE
I/ buy/ a new white swimsuit/ I forget I bring/ I/ mad/ Becky’s mother/ take/ we/ shop/ Monday night/ I find/ pretty blue/ not expensive. I start/ pay/ wallet/ gone/I/borrow/ money/ Becky’s mother/I/certainly/upset
I bought a new white swimsuit, and then I forgot to bring it. I was really mad; but Becky’s mother took us to go shopping on Monday night, and I found a pretty blue one. I started to pay for it, and my wallet was gone! I borrowed some money from Becky’s mother, but I was certainly upset.
D. FREE WRITING
REMEMBER:
Giving a specific topic and providing clear , detailed guidelines for writing
Ex: Direction for writing
You need a job for the summer. You have just read a “HELP WANTED” advertisement for teenage workers (reception, dining room, and cleanup) at the Grand Canyon Lodge in Arizona. Address : U.S. Forest Service, Grand Canyon Lodge, Box 1128, North Rim, Arizona 82117.
Write a business letter; Indicate the position you applied for; Describe your qualifications, such as your age, language background, travel and personality characteristics. Indicate when you will be available and how long can you work
Evaluating Student Writing
Analytical or holistic?
The analytical method attempts to evaluate separately the various components of a piece of writing.
1.Mechanic: 20%
Capitalization: notably at the beginning of sentences
Punctuation : especially end punctuation
Spelling : no penalty for more than one misspelling of the same word
2. Grammar: sentence sense, verb tense and word order
( 30%)
3. Vocabulary choice (20%)
4. Organization: ( 30%)

Note : Total grade: (A+ B) / 2 (A: quality of content; B: accuracy of language use.)
The holistic method evaluates the writing paper as a whole and little punishment is made on mechanics as well as other unrelated issues in communication.

“ How well does this paper communicate?”
Thank You For Your Attention !
Thank You For Your Attention!