INVERSION( ĐẢO NGỮ)

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INVERSION

What is inversion?
When we begin a sentence with a negative adverb or adverbial phrase, we sometimes have to change the usual word order of subject and verb (often using an auxiliary verb such as do)




INVERSION

Negative adverbials include:
never, never before, rarely, seldom, barely/hardly, scarcely…when, no sooner.... than nowhere, not only, etc.



INVERSION

Normal word order in a statement: S + V:

I have never seen so many people in one room.

Inversion:

Never have I seen so many people in a room.
.

INVERSION



No sooner had I put the phone down than it rang again.


Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely had I got my breath back when it was time to go again.


INVERSION


We use inversion with phrases that begin with “not”

Not until he apologizes will I speak to him.

Not for one minute do I imagine they’ll come back.


INVERSION




We use inversion with some time phrases that use “only”:

Only after several weeks did she begin to recover.

Only later did she realize what had happened.



INVERSION



We use inversion with some time phrases that use “only”:

Only then did he remember he hadn’t got his keys.

Only when I’ve finished this will I be able to think about anything else.



INVERSION





Only by patience and hard work will she find a solution.


Only in this way do we stand any chance of success.




INVERSION





We use inversion after negative adverbials which emphasize frequency at the beginning of a sentence:

Hardly ever did she wear a suit.

Little did she realize what was about to happen.




INVERSION




After expressions with prepositions +no:

In no way should this be regarded as one of the matter.

At no time did they actually break the rules of the game

On no account are you to repeat it to any one.

Under no circumstances can we accept the offer.




INVERSION




After expressions with not …

Not until August did the government order an inquiry into the accident.

Not a single word has she written since the exam started.





INVERSION




Inversion after ‘so + adj……..that’

Her business was so successful that Marie was able to retire at the age of 50.

So successful was her business, that she was able to retire at the age of 50.





INVERSION




Inversion after ‘such + be……..that’

The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.

Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.





INVERSION
Inversion after adverbial phrases of direction or place

Her father stood in the doorway.

In the doorway stood her father.

His mother sat in the armchair.

In the armchair sat his mother.
INVERSION
Inversion after in comparisons with ‘as’ and ‘than’

The cake was excellent, as was the coffee.(………..as the coffee was)

Research shows that children living in villages watch more television than do their counterparts in inner city areas, (…….than their counterparts do)
INVERSION
Inversion in conditional sentences

If you need more information, please telephone our main office.

Should you need more information, please telephone our main office.

If Alex had asked, I would have been able to help.

Had Alex asked, I would have been able to help.
INVERSION



Not using inversion:

We use inversion when the adverb modifies the verb, and not when it modifies the noun:

Hardly anyone knows about it, (=no inversion)




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