INVERSION

INVERSION
(Đảo ngữ)
Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính:

1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf) Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf) Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on
2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,.....hiếm khi mà Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V Never in mid-summer does it snow Hardly ever does he speak in the public Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar. 3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY Only one Only one did I meet her Only later Only in this way: Only in that way:
Only in this way could the problem be solved  Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V Only after+ N: Chỉ sau khi làm gì Only after all gest had gone home could we relax Only by V_ing/ N: Chỉ bằng cách làm gì Only by practising English everyday can you speak it fluently Only when+ clause: Chỉ khi làm gì Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known. Only when I understand her did I like her Only with+ N: Chỉ với cái gì Only with the bank`s loan could he buy the car. Only if + clause Only in + adv of time/ place 4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No At no time: Không bao giờ The result of the match was never in doubt => At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt
On no condition On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
On no accout must this switch be touched. 
On no account should you be late for the Exam. Under/ in no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.  For no reason In no way: Không sao có thể  In no way could I agree with you.  No longer: Không còn nữa The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances = Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid On no condition shall we accept their proposal By no means: Hoàn toàn không By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.  5. No sooner.......... than.....Vừa mới...thì đã... Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely........ When/ before Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang.
(= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.)
Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.
(= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.)
Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack.
(= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.)
No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt.
(= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.)
No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.
(= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.)
6. Đảo ngữ với Not only....... but......also.....không những…….mà còn….. Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V… hoặc Not only + trợ động từ + S + V but.... also.......... Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. 7. Đảo ngữ với SO So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause
So strange was the situation that I couldn`t sleep. So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. So dark is it that I can`t write So busy am I that I don`t have time to look after myself So difficult was the exam that few student pass it So attractive is she that many boys run after her So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview
8. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
· Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).