IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

SOME IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

1 Verbs which do not usually take the progressive form:
dislike, like, hate, love, wish, prefer, want, hear, sound, understand, suppose (tin rằng, nghĩ rằng), remember, recognise, realise, mean ( nghĩa là, muốn nói, có ý định), know, imagine, guess, doubt, believe, astonish, satisfy, surprise, please, impress, belong, concern (bân tâm), consist, contain, possess, own, owe, matter(có ý nghĩa, có tính chất quan trọng), need, depend, deserve( đáng/ xứng đáng), fit( vừa/ hợp), include, involve, lack, appear, resemble, seem...
2 Verbs which can be used in simple or continuous tenses, with different meanings
look, see, smell, taste, feel, think, measure, weigh.
3 Verbs which are usually followed by a gerund (-ing form)
Admit( thú nhận, thừa nhận), appreciate ( hieu, thong cam, danh gia cao), avoid, consider, contemplate (du tinh) , delay, deny, detest, dislike, dread(sợ, nghĩ đến mà sợ), endure(cam chịu), enjoy, escape (thoat duoc, tranh duoc), excuse (thu loi, bo qua), face, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, can`t help, imagine, involve, leave off( give up), mention, mind, miss, postpone, practise, put off, recollect (nho lai, nho ra), resent (bực tức, phẩn nộ), resist ( chịu đựng được), risk, can`t face, can`t stand, suggest, understand
4 Verbs which are usually followed by the infinitive with to
want, would like, would prefer, ought, have, be able, appear, seem, decide, attempt ( nổ lực), intend, plan, hope, expect, arrange, manage, fail, pretend, dare, afford, tend, teach
5 Verbs and expressions which can be used with either a gerund or an infinitive, with different meanings
a. remember, forget, regret doing: a past action or state
* I`ll never forget seeing the World Cup final.
remember, forget, regret to do: information to be remembered or passed on
* I regret to inform you ...
b. stop/go on doing: stop or continue doing the same action
* He decided to stop smoking.
stop/go on to do: the current activity is stopped-and a new one started
* He stopped to light his cigarette.
* She went on to explain how it had happened.
c. be interested in doing: keen on (a hobby or an interest)
be interested to do: would like to do
* I`m interested to know what you thought of the film.
d. try doing: use a technique in order to achieve something
* Try soaking it in salt water to loosen the stain.
try to do: attempt something, usually unsuccessfully
* He tried to persuade her to go with him.
e. need doing: an object (usually) needs something done to it: - The house needs painting.
need to do: a person (usually) needs to do something: - Gregory needs to find a job.
f. be/get used to doing: be or become accustomed to certain actions or situations
used to do: habitual actions in the past, but not now
g. like/enjoy/love/hate/prefer doing: any action generally liked/enjoyed/hated etc.
would like/enjoy/love/hate/prefer to do: an activity chosen or rejected for a particular occasion
h. allow/advise/forbid/permit doing: general permission/advice etc.
* The doctor advises giving up smoking.
allow/advise/forbid/permit someone to do: permission/advice etc. for a particular person
* I forbid you to climb that wall.
i. mean doing: involve/entail/signify something: - Love means being able to forgive.
mean to do: plan/intend an action: - I didn`t mean to hurt you.
6 Structures used after reporting verbs
6.1 verb + (not) to do:
* We refused to have anything to do with the plate.
* He threatened not to come.
promise, agree, refuse, threaten, offer
6.2 verb + someone + (not) to do:
*He advised her to say nothing about it.
warn, beg, remind, recommend, tell, persuade, advise, encourage, instruct ( chỉ dẫn), order, invite(mời, yêu cầu).
6.3 verb + that + verb clause:
* She pointed out that she had been there