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General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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Philip Dutton
University of Windsor, Canada

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Chapter 1: Matter—Its Properties and Measurement
General Chemistry
Principles and Modern Applications
Petrucci • Harwood • Herring
8th Edition
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1
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Contents
Physical properties and states of matter
Système International Units
Uncertainty and significant figures
Dimensional analysis
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Properties of Matter
Matter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia

Composition: Parts or components
ex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O

Properties: Distinguishing features
physical and chemical properties
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States of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Separations
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Separating Mixtures
mixture
Chromatography
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Significant Figures
Number

6.29 g
0.00348 g
9.0
1.0  10-8
100 eggs
100 g
 = 3.14159
Count from left from first non-zero digit.
Significant
Figures
3
3
2
2
infinite
bad notation
various
13.4
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Significant figures
Multiplying and dividing.

Use the fewest significant figures.
0.01208  0.236
= 0.512
= 5.12  10-3
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Units

S.I. Units
Length metre, m
Mass Kilogram, kg
Time second, s
Temperature Kelvin, K
Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1

Derived Quantities
Force Newton, kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2
Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2
Other Common Units
Length Angstrom, Å, 10-8 cm
Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3
Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J
Pressure
1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg
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Temperature
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Relative Temperatures
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Volume
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Density
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Conversion
What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25 inches on each side?
Have volume, need density
= 22.48g/cm3
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Wrong units
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Uncertainties
Systematic errors.
Thermometer constantly 2°C too low.
Random errors
Limitation in reading a scale.
Precision
Reproducibility of a measurement.
Accuracy
How close to the real value.
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End of Chapter Questions
1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 17,
18, 20, 30, 41, 49,
50, 61, 72, 74, 79