HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS
HUYNH TRONG AN
PHAM NHAT TIN
WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION
OUTLINE
DEFINITION
CAUSE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
COMPLICATIONS
PREVENTION
PROGNOSIS

1. DEFINITION
AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body`s ability to fight the organisms that cause disease
HIV is a sexually transmitted infection. It can also be spread by contact with infected blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast-feeding
2. SYMPTOM
Symptoms of HIV infection appear 2 to 12 weeks after exposure
As the virus continues to multiply and destroy immune cells, you may develop mild infections or chronic symptoms such as:
Fever
Fatigue
Swollen lymph nodes —
often one of the first signs of HIV infection
Diarrhea
Weight loss
Cough and shortness of breath
3. CAUSE
Scientists believe a virus similar to HIV first occurred in some populations of chimps and monkeys in Africa, where they`re hunted for food. Contact with an infected monkey`s blood during butchering or cooking may have allowed the virus to cross into humans and become HIV.
3. CAUSE (CONT)
The virus enters the immune system’s CD4 cells, which protect the body against various bacteria, viruses and other germs.
It uses the CD4 cells to make thousands of copies of itself. These copies then leave the CD4 cells, killing them in the process.
This process continues until eventually the number of CD4 cells, also called your CD4 count, drops so low that your immune system stops working.
4. DIAGNOSIS
HIV is most commonly diagnosed by testing your blood or saliva for the presence of antibodies to the virus
Your doctor might also order lab tests to check for other infections or complications, including:
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis
Toxoplasmosis
Sexually transmitted infections
Liver or kidney damage
Urinary tract infection
5. TREATMENT
There`s no cure for HIV/AIDS, but a variety of drugs can be used in combination to control the virus
 It`s best to combine at least three drugs from two different classes to avoid creating strains of HIV that are immune to single drugs
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Protease inhibitors (PIs)
Entry or fusion inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Treatment can be difficult
HIV treatment regimens may involve taking multiple pills at specific times every day for the rest of your life
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
Abnormal heartbeats
Shortness of breath
Skin rash
Weakened bones
Bone death, particularly in the hip joints
Skin rash
Co-disease and co-treatment
Contraceptives and hormones for women
Medications for the treatment of tuberculosis
Drugs to treat hepatitis C
Treatment response 
Your response to any treatment is measured by your viral load and CD4 counts.
Viral load should be tested at the start of treatment and then every three to four months during therapy
CD4 counts should be checked every three to six months
HIV treatment should reduce your viral load to the point that it`s undetectable
That doesn`t mean your HIV is gone. It just means that the test isn`t sensitive enough to detect it
6. COMPLICATIONS
Infection
Tuberculosis (TB)
Candidiasis
Cryptosporidiosis …….
Cancer
Kaposi`s sarcoma
Lymphomas
Other
Wasting syndrome
Neurological complications
Kidney disease
Kaposi`s sarcoma
Candidiasis
Lymphomas
Wasting syndrome
7. PREVENTION
There`s no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS
To help prevent the spread of HIV
Sexual contact
Blood
From mother to baby
HIV is not passed on through:
kissing
spitting
being bitten
contact with unbroken, healthy skin
being sneezed on
sharing baths, towels or cutlery
using the same toilets and swimming pools
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
contact with animals or insects such as mosquitoes
8. PROGNOSIS
Cooperation Research and Design Aids North America and the Center for HIV / AIDS British Columbia confirmed that if a 20 year old HIV positive method antiretroviral therapy (ART) will probably live to be 70 years old - that is the meaning of life achieved with the average life expectancy of Americans
Ekaterina Dadachova, Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, New York, have been trying to find out whether the method uses high doses of radiation may be more effective, and the results show very encouraging. Research has announced the patients treated with a combination of antiviral drugs and radiation have better results and found that no HIV virus in their bodies
Process slowly: more than 10 years
Process averagely : 5-7 years
Process fast : 2-3 years.
HAVE A NICE DAY