Grammar for gifted ss grade 8

ACTIVE VOICE AND PASIVE VOICE

1. Thể chủ động – Là cách đặt câu trong đó chủ ngữ đứng vai chủ động, chủ thể của hành động.
Ví dụ:
She learns Chinese at school She bought a book.
2. Thể bị động • Câu bị động được dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh đến đối tượng chịu tác động của hành động hơn là bản thân hành động đó. Thời của động từ ở câu bị động phải tuân theo thời của động từ ở câu chủ động. • Sau đây là bảng tóm tắt:
Thì
Dạng bị động

The simple present tense
Is/ am/are + P2

The present progressive tense
Is/am /are + being + P2

The present perfect tense
Have/has + been + P2

The simple past tense
Were/was + P2

The past progressive tense
Were/was + being + P2

The past perfect tense
Had + been + P2

The simple future tense
Will + be + P2

The future progressive tense
Will + be + being + P2

The future perfect tense
Will + have + been + P2

The near future tense
Is/are/am + going to + be + P2

 Chú ý: đối với vật chất gây trạng thái, dùng “with’ thay cho “by”
Ví dụ: Smoke filled the room → The room was filled with smoke.
Ví dụ:
She learns Chinese at school. --> Chinese is learnt at school by her. She bought a book. -->A book was bought by her.
Hurricanes destroy a great of property each year. -->A great of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year. The tornado destroyed twenty houses. -->Twenty houses were destroyed by the tornado. They are cleaning the room at the moment. --> The room is being cleaned at the moment (by them) They were cleaning the room when I came yesterday. –> The room was being cleaned when I came yesterday. The company has ordered some new machines. –> Some new machines have been ordered by the company. Nam will give me a book tomorrow. –> I will be given a book tomorrow (by Nam).
Chú ý:
– Trong câu bị động, chúng ta có thể lược bỏ "by ....." (bởi ai đó) – Nếu câu chủ động có hai tân ngữ (trực tiếp và gián tiếp), chúng ta có hai cách chuyển đổi: Ví dụ:
He gave me some apples. –> I was given some apples. –> Some apples were given to me.
tuy nhiên, chúng ta ưu tiên cách chuyển đổi đưa tân ngữ chỉ người lên làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
3. Một số dạng chuyển đổi từ chủ động sang bị động 3.1. Dạng bị động của động từ khuyết thiếu
Somebody can/may/must/ought to/should/have to + do something → something can/may/must/ought to/ should/ have to + be + done
Ví dụ: We should keep the room tidy. → The room should be kept tidy. He can do the task with great care. → The task can be done with great care by him.
3.2.
Somebody + want/ like/expect + someone to do something → Somebody + want /like/expect + something + to be done
Ví dụ: The teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully. → The teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully. They expected me to finish my work early. → they expected my work to be finished early.
3.3.
Somebody + agree/arrange/determind/decide + to do something → Somebody + agree/arange/determind/decide + that something + should be + done
Ví dụ: She decided to rebuild the house → She decided that the house should be rebuilt.
3.4.
They/it + need(s) + doing → they/ it + need(s) + to be done
Ví dụ: The house needs cleaning → The house needs to be cleaned.
The chickens need feeding → The chickens need to be fed.
3. 5.
Somebody + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report + that + someone + do something → Cách 1: It is thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported that someone + do something → Cách 2: Someone is thought/expected/believed/estimated/said/reported to do something
Ví dụ: People think he drives dangerously. → Cách 1: It’s thought that he drives dangerously. → Cách 2: He is thought to drive dangerously.
People think he is a good teacher. → It is thought that he is a good teacher. → He