Grammar

DEGREES OF COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Có 3 cấp độ so sánh: bằng (không bằng)
hơn
nhất
So sánh “bằng” (Equal comparisons )
S + V + as + adj/ adv + as + noun (pronoun)
Ex: + He is as tall as his father.
+ Mai is as beautiful as her mother.
+ John sings as well as his sister.
So sánh “bằng” (Equal comparisons )
Thỉnh thoảng “so” thay “as” trong những câu phủ định.
Ex: His job is not so difficult as mine.
Đại từ làm chủ ngữ luôn được sử dụng sau “as”.
Ex: You are as old as she.
Ý “ bằng nhau, như nhau” có thể được diễn đạt cách khác:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun (pronoun)
Ex: + My house is as high as his.
My house is the same height as his.
+ Tom is as old as Mary.
 Tom and Mary are the same age.
So sánh “bằng” (Equal comparisons )
We say “ the same as” not “the same like”
Ex: What would you like to drink?
I’ll have the same as you.
Chú ý các tính từ sau và các danh từ tương ứng của chúng
Adj N
Heavy, light  weight
Wide, narrow  width
deep, shallow depth
long, short  length
big, small  size
old  age
So sánh ”không bằng” (Unequal Comparisons)
II. So sánh ”không bằng” ( Unequal Comparisons)
So sánh hơn (Comparative)
So sánh kép
Đồng tiến
Luỹ tiến
II. So sánh ”không bằng” ( Unequal Comparisons)
So sánh hơn (Comparative)
Thêm “-er” vào tính từ (trạng từ) có một hoặc hai âm tiết. (short adj/ adv)
Ex: thick  thicker
cold  colder
quiet  quieter
Dùng “more” + tính từ (trạng từ) có ba âm tiết trở lên. (long adj/ adv)
Ex: more beatiful, more important, more interesting
Dùng “more” + tính từ tận cùng bằng các tiếp vị ngữ: “-ed, -ful, -ing, -ish, -ous”.
Ex: more hated, more useful, more boring, more continuous
II. So sánh ”không bằng” ( Unequal Comparisons)
1. So sánh hơn (Comparative)
- Gấp đôi phụ âm cuối của tính từ một âm tiết kết thúc bằng một phụ âm đơn (trừ w, x, z) và đứng trước một nguyên âm đơn.
Ex: big bigger; hot hotter
Khi một tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng tận cùng bằng một phụ âm + “y”, đổi “y” thành ‘I’ và thêm “er”.
Ex: happy happier; dry drier
short adj/ adv + er
S + V + more + long adj/ adv + than + noun (pronoun)
less + adj/ adv
Ex: + Today is hotter than yesterday.
+ This chair is more comfortable than the other.
+ He speaks Spanish more fluently than I.
II. So sánh ”không bằng” ( Unequal Comparisons)
1. So sánh hơn (Comparative)
- So sánh không bằng có thể được nhấn mạnh thêm bằng cách cộng “much” hoặc “far” trước hình thức so sánh.

Ex: + Harry’s watch is far more expensive than mine.
+ A watermelon is much sweeter than a lemon.
+ He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
II. So sánh ”không bằng” ( Unequal Comparisons)
2. So sánh kép (Double comparatives)
a. So sánh đồng tiến: (càng… càng)

The + comparative + S + V , the + comparative + S + V

Ex: The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.

The more + S + V, the + comparative + S + V

Ex: The more you study, the smarter you will become.
II. So sánh ”không bằng” ( Unequal Comparisons)
2. So sánh kép (Double comparatives)
b. So sánh luỹ tiến: (càng ngày càng)
Short adj/ adv (Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn)

Adj/ adv + er and adj/ adv + er

Ex: + Betty is younger and younger.
+The river gets bigger and bigger.
Long adj/ adv (Tính từ/ trạng từ dài)

More and more + adj/ adv

Ex: + He story was more and more attractive.
+ She becomes more and more beautiful.
III. So sánh bậc nhất (Superlatives)
short adj/ adv + est in + count noun single
S + V + the + most + long adj/ adv + of + count noun plural
least adj/ adv

@ Các quy tắc cũng giống như dạng so sánh không bằng.
(hot  hottest; happy  happiest;…)

Ex: + John is the tallest boy in the family.
+ Marry is the shortest of the three sisters.
+ These shoes are the least expensive of all.
II. So sánh bậc nhất (Superlatives)
@ Các trường hợp ngoại lệ:
good/ well -better -best
Bad/ badly -worse -worst
Many/ much -more -most
Little -less -least
Far -farther -farthest (về khoảng cách)
-further -furthest (về thời gian)
Near -nearer -nearest (về khoảng cách) -next (về thứ tự)
Late -later -latest (về thời gian)
-last (về thứ tự)
Old -older -oldest (về tuổi tác)
-elder -eldest
EXERCISES
Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ đúng trong ngoặc
Of the four dresses, I like the red one (better/ best)
Pil is the (happier/ happiest) person we know.
Pat’s car is (faster/ fastest) than Dan’s.
This is the (creamier/ creamiest) ice-cream I have had in a long time.
This poster is (colourfuler/ more colourful) than the one in the hall.
Does Fred fell (weller/ better) today than he did yesterday?
This vegetable soup tastes very (good/ best).
While trying to balance the baskets n her head, the woman walked (awkwarder/ more awkwardly) than her daughter.
EXERCISES
Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ đúng trong ngoặc
Jane is the (less/ least) athletic of all the women.
My cat is the (prettier/ prettiest) of the two.
This summary is ( the better/ the best) of the pair.
The colder the weather gets, (sicker/ the sicker) I feel.
Jim has as (few/ fewer) opportunities to play tennis as I have.
That recipe calls for (many/ much) more sugar than mine does.
The museum is the (further/ furthest) away of the three building.
EXERCISES
Dùng hình thức đúng của tính từ (hặc trạng từ) trong ngoặc
Mary is (pretty) as her sister.
A new house is (expensive) than an old one.
His job is (important) than mine.
Of the four ties, I like the red one (well).
Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow.
Today English is the (international) of language.

John is much (strong) than I thought.
Benches are (comfortable) than arm-chair.
Bill is (good) than you thought.
Mr. Bush is the (delightful) person I have ever known.
pretty