Grammar

Objectives
Use the irregular verbs be, have, and do correctly.
Use the present, past, and future tenses of verbs correctly.
Demonstrate the use of the perfect tenses, progressive tenses, and emphatic tenses of verbs in sentences.
PP 10-1a
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Objectives
PP 10-1b
continued
Differentiate between active and passive voices of verbs.
Identify the three ways to express verb mood.
Demonstrate the functions of verbals— gerunds, participles, infinitives—in sentences.
Irregular Verbs
Be, Do, Have
PP 10-2a
The irregular verbs of be, do, and have appear as main verbs, linking verbs, or helping verbs and require memorization.
Irregular Verbs
Be, Do, Have
PP 10-2b
Present
Tense
Past
Tense
Past
Participle
Present
Participle
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Irregular Verbs - Be, Do, Have
Singular and Plural Verb Forms of Be for First, Second and Third Person
PP 10-3a
Singular
Plural
I am eager to load this software.
You were correct in backing up our payroll data.
Theresa is printing the checks this afternoon.
We are pleased with the software upgrade.
Be Examples
PP 10-3b
continued
Singular and Plural Verb Forms of Do for First, Second and Third Person
PP 10-4
Singular
Plural
Singular and Plural Verb Forms of Have for First, Second and Third Person
PP 10-5
Singular
Plural
The verb tense helps identify the time of an action or state of being.
Includes the following:
Verb Tense
PP 10-6a
Present Present Perfect
Past Past Perfect
Future Future Perfect
all 6 progressive tenses
Present and Past Emphatic
Expresses a general truth or an action that is occurring now
Present Tense
PP 10-6b
Ginny answers her e-mail each hour.
My laser printer needs a new toner cartridge.
Expresses an action that occurs regularly or habitually
The manager requests timesheets on Friday.
Some companies offer software discounts to employees.
Add s to a verb in present tense when the subject is a third-person singular noun or a third-person pronoun (he, she, it).
Present Tense
PP 10-6c
Kara drives she drives
Joe manages he manages
Brian calls he calls
Rachel prints she prints
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Add es to the verb if it ends in o, ch, s, sh, x, or z.
Present Tense
PP 10-6d
the boat goes it goes
Ms. LaPorte reaches she reaches
the teacher dismisses he or she dismisses
Webmaster wishes he or she wishes
the manager fixes he or she fixes
the machine buzzes it buzzes
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Do not add s or es to a verb in present tense when the subject is a plural noun or a compound subject.
Present Tense
PP 10-6e
we know teachers dismiss
they plan Webmasters wish
boats go managers fix
Mark and Lynn miss
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Expresses an action or condition that was started and completed in the past
Requires d or ed to form the past tense of regular verbs. Use the dictionary for the past tenses of irregular verbs.
Past Tense
PP 10-7a
Do not use a helping verb with a main verb to form the past tense.
Past Tense
PP 10-7b
continued
Indicates an action or a condition that will occur in the future
Requires the helping verbs will or shall before the present part of the verb
Future Tense
PP 10-8
She will design our new Web page.
We will send the software this afternoon.
The perfect tenses use the helping verbs has, have, or had. The three perfect tenses are
Perfect Tenses
PP 10-9
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect
Shows that an action or condition that started in the past has just been completed or continues to take place into the present
Requires the use of has or have with the past participle of the verb to form the present perfect tense
Present Perfect Tense
PP 10-10
Our company has requested temporary programmers several times.
We have found the new software easy to use.
Shows that one action or condition began and was completed before another action in the past started
Requires the use of the helping verb had with the past participle to form the past perfect tense
Past Perfect Tense
PP 10-11
He had solved the network problem before we arrived for work.
By the time we evaluated the software, the manufacturer had released a new version.
Indicates an action or condition that will begin and end before a specific future time
Requires the helping verbs shall have or will have before the past participle of a verb to form the future perfect tense
Future Perfect Tense
PP 10-12
I will have updated the software before next Friday.
By next summer, this software version will have been updated.
Follows the patterns of the simple and perfect tenses
Shows continuing actions or conditions
Consists of the present participle (main verb ending in ing) and appropriate tenses of to be (am, is, are, was, were, be, been)
Progressive Tense
PP 10-13
Use the present participle plus the helping verbs am, is, or are to form the present progressive tense.
Present Progressive Tense
PP 10-14
She is requesting a new computer.
I am forwarding your e-mail to Carol.
The managers are updating our software instruction manual.
Involves an action or condition that was in progress at a time in the past
Requires the present participle plus the helping verbs was or were to form the past progressive tense
Past Progressive Tense
PP 10-15
She was installing the software.
They were planning to attend the software demonstration.
Involves an action or condition that will continue in the future
Requires the present participle plus the helping verb will be or shall be to form the future progressive tense
Future Progressive Tense
PP 10-16
We will be sending a rebate coupon.
We shall be requesting new software.
Describes a continuous action up to the present time
Requires the present participle plus the helping verbs have been or has been to form the present perfect progressive tense
Present Perfect Progressive
PP 10-17
We have been documenting our hardware problems since last month.
He has been our e-mail administrator for ten years.
Describes an action that was being completed at a specific time in the past
Requires the present participle plus the helping verbs had been to form the past perfect progressive tense
Past Perfect Progressive
PP 10-18
We had been reviewing the software.
She had been representing our department at software evaluation meetings.
Describes an action that will continue to be in progress at a specified time in the future
Requires the present participle plus the helping verbs will have been to form the future perfect progressive tense
Future Perfect Progressive
PP 10-19
By the end of next week, we will have been reviewing the software for two months.
By 5 p.m. they will have been answering the help desk questions for several hours.
Adds emphasis to the verb in the present or past tense
Requires the verbs do or does with the present part of a verb to form the present emphatic tense
Emphatic Tense
PP 10-20a
I do need extra time to answer my e-mail messages on Monday mornings.
He does demand accountability from his employees.
Requires the verb did with the present part of a verb to form the past emphatic tense.
Emphatic Tense
PP 10-20b
My supervisor did demonstrate several new software programs.
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Means that the subject of a sentence performs the action
Used for most business writing
Active Voice
PP 10-21
She demonstrated several new accounting software packages.
Graphics applications require considerable computer memory.
Large businesses frequently use customized software programs.
Means that the subject receives the action
Draws attention to an act rather than to the person or thing performing the act
Consists of a past participle of the verb and one or more forms of the helping verb be
Passive Voice
PP 10-22
Several new accounting software packages were demonstrated by Linda.
Considerable computer memory is required for graphics applications.
Use the indicative mood to state facts or ask direct questions.
Indicative Mood
PP 10-23
We designed the software to be easy to use.
Are you changing your password frequently?
Imperative Mood
PP 10-24
Use the imperative mood to give instructions and commands or to make courteous requests.
Note that the subject of a verb in the imperative mood is you, which is usually omitted.
Call the customer service department.
Please call the customer service department.
Will you please call the customer service department.
Subjunctive Mood
PP 10-25a
Use the subjunctive verb to express a condition contrary to fact or subject to an element of doubt.
Use the verb were for was.
If I were you, I would change the font size of the heading.
If I were the manager, I would order a scanner.
Subjunctive Mood
PP 10-25b
Use a subjunctive verb in sentences that begin with an expression of a wish.
I wish I were more proficient in using this graphics program.
I wish I were able to solve that software problem for you.
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Subjunctive Mood
PP 10-25c
Use the subjunctive form in a clause beginning with that which states a motion or formal proposal.
She moved and seconded that the meeting be adjourned.
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Gerund
PP 10-26
A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
Using spreadsheet software simplifies financial calculations.
Anthony enjoyed teaching software programs.
We appreciated your sending the new software documentation.
The manager was unaware of Kim’s designing of the Web page.
Participle
PP 10-27
A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun.
A participle requires a comma to set off an introductory participle or participial phrase.
A present participle ends in ing.
Using a new keyboard, I improved my data entry speed.
A past participle ends in ed for regular verbs.
Determined to learn the software, she asked Lynn for help.
Infinitive
PP 10-28a
Consists of the present part of a verb plus the word to.
Cannot stand alone as the verb in a sentence.
Requires use of a comma for setting off introductory infinitive phrases that are not subjects.
Functions as a noun, adjective, or an adverb.
Infinitive Examples
PP 10-28b
To learn a new software package requires patience.
To feel confident using presentation software, practice and time the slide show.
I wanted to design a Website.
If you are available at 3 p.m., I will show you an Internet database to search.
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