Grammar

II/ Grammar
Past simple tense
To talk about past activities
Lan took Maryam to Hoan Kiem lake.
The girls visited Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum.
With wish
* Form: S+ wish+ (that) + S+
*Use: Diễn tả ước muốn không có thật ở hiện tại, và tình huống này được diễn đạt bằng thời quá khứ đơn.
Diễn tả sự hối tiếc về một tình huống ở hiện tại mà bạn muốn thay đổi
I wish you had a longer vacation.
I wish I were older.
They wish they stayed in Hue.
She wishes that she could drive a car

The Present perfect
Diễn tả những hành động hoặc tình huống xảy ra ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ .
Ex: My mother has just returned home from France.
Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại ở thời điểm không xác định.
Ex : I have seen that actor manytimes.
Thường được dùng với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian: already, just, recently, lately, still , yet, so far, until now, once/ twice/ three times, for five years………
Ex : I have done this exercises yet
*Form:

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Have


Has


Have
( I’ve)
( You’ve)
(He’s)
(She’s)
(It’s)
(We’ve)
( You’ve)
(They’ve)



seen the film.

Writers and musiccians have mentionned the ao dai in poems, novels and songs .
I’ve already seen Giac Lam Pagoda.
Have you ever eaten Vietnamese food


3.Direct and reported speed.
a) Statements.
S+ said+( that) + S+V( lùi về một thời)
Ex: We like oranges
=> They said that they liked oranges
b) Yes / No questions
S+ asked+ (sb) +if/ whether + S+ V( lùi về một thời)
Ex: “ Are you a teacher?” he asked me.
=> He asked me if / whether I was a teacher.
c) Wh- questions
S + asked+ ( that)+ why/ what/ where/ when/ how….+ S + V( lùi về một thời)
Ex: He said : “ Why was you late yesterday?”
=> He said that why I was late the next day
* Changes in tense
Direct speech
Reported speech

Present simple
I walk.
Past simple
I walked.

Present progressive
I am walking.
Past progressive
I was walking.

Past simple
I walked.
Past simple/ past perfect *
I walked./ I had walked.

Past progressive
I was walking.
Past progressive/ past perfect progressive*
I was walking./ I had been walking. *

Present perfect
I have walked.
Past perfect
I had walked.

Present perfect progressive
I have been walking.
Past perfect progressive
I had been walking.

Past perfect
I had walked.
Past perfect
I had walked.

Past perfect progressive
I had been walking.
Past perfect progressive
I had been walking.


Aunt Xuan said she was happy to see you.
Ba told Liz that he been there before.
Reported questions
She asked me What my name was.
She asked me Where I lived.
She asked me if I spoke any other languages.
She asked me if I liked pop music.
She asked me Who taught me English.
She asked me how I learned English.
Here and now words in reported speech

Direct speech
Reported speech

Time
now
today
tonight
tomorrow
yesterday
last night
two days ago
then/ immediately
that day
that night
the next/ following day
the day before/ the previous day
the night before
two days before/ earlier


Place
here
there

Demonstrative heads
this
these
that
those


“ I’ll go to Hue tomorrow.”
Miss Chi said she would go to Hue the following day.
“ I’m having a wonderful time here.”
Mai said she was having a wonderful time there.
5.Passive voice
* Form: Be + past participle
Modal verbs + be + past participle
Rice is grown in tropical countries.
Traditionally, the ao dai was frequently worn by both men and women.
Jean clothes were made completely