GERUNDS & INFINITIVE

Grammar: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

A). VERBS + GERUND and VERBS + INFINITIVE :
động từ theo sau 1 động từ khác có thể là GERUND ( Verb-ing = Danh động từ) hoặc INFINITIVE ( nguyên mẫu ) tùy theo loại động từ đứng trước nó:
I always enjoy reading books in my free time.( Enjoy + Gerund )
I want to read as many books as possible.( Want + Infinitive )

Verbs + Gerund
Admit (,công ), avoid ( tránh,né), delay( trì hoãn), deny( chối), detest, dislike( không thích,không ưa), consider( xem xét,cứu xét),enjoy( thưởng thức, hưởng), finish( hoàn tất,làm xong), give up (=quit: từ bỏ, thôi), imagine( tưởng tượng), keep( giữ), not mind ( không phiền), postpone ( hoãn lại, đình lại), practise ( thực hành), quit( bỏ, từ bỏ), suggest( đề nghị), can’t help( không thể ngăn cản), can’t stand (không thể chịu đựng được), put off ( hoãn lại), ….etc.
Verbs + Infinitive
Agree ( đồng ý,nhất trí), afford, appear ( xuất hiện), arrange( sắp xếp,thu xếp), attempt( cố gắng), ask ( đòi hỏi,yêu cầu), choose ( chọn, lựa), decide ( quyết định), demand ( ra lệnh), expect ( mong,trông ngóng), fail ( hỏng,không thành công,(thi) rớt), happen (xảy ra) , hope ( hy vọng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sở, tự lo được), offer ( dâng ,tặng), plan ( kế hoạch, dự tính), pretend ( giả vờ), promise (hứa hẹn), refuse ( từ chối), seem ( có vẻ như, dường như), threaten ( đe dọa), want, wish ( ao ước), would like ( muốn),…etc.

-I always avoid making noise in class. - I decide to study engineering at University.
-Have you finished writing the report ? - She’s expecting to get a reply from the company.
-Anne practised playing the piano at an early age. - Do you agree to join us for the holyday ?
- I don’t mind doing a lot of homework. - We can’t afford to build a new house.
- He can’t stand working ten hours a day. - Can you manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday ?
- When did you give up smoking, Bill ? - Bob refused to lend me his car.

B). VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE :
VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE
( Ýùnghĩa không khác nhau )
VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE
( Cho ý nghĩa khác nhau )


Start ( bắt đầu, khởi động), begin ( bắt đầu), continue ( tiếp tục),intend ( tính, dự định), like, love, hate ( ghét), prefer (thích hơn,ưa hơn).

Stop, try ( thử, cố gắng) , forget (quên), remember ( nhớ), need ( cần), go on ( tiếp tục), regret.

Ex :
- When did you start learning English ? or - When did you start to learn English ?
- It began raining heavily. or - It began to rain heavily.
- Does Pam continue writing to you ? or - Does Pam continue to write to you ?
- He intended making a film for children. or - He intended to make a film for children.

- He stopped smoking three years ago. ( He doesn’t smoke any more now.)
- He stopped to smoke a cigarette. ( He stopped working in order to smoke ).
- You should try to study harder. ( try = cố gắng )
- You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thử )
- You need to practise English every day.( = You have to practise English every day).
- Your shirt needs washing .It smells. ( = Your shirt needs to be washed ).
C). VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : Động từ theo sau giới từ thường dùng ở dạng Gerund.



Ex :
- I’m interested in listening to music on the radio.
- He’s bored with staying at home day after day.
- Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours.
- Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on a diet.
- Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out.

D) ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:





Ex:
- I’m afraid to drive alone at night. - Were you disappointed not to win the race ?
- The actress seems eager to go on stage. - The parents are proud to have a healthy child.
- Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to