English Grammar

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: PERSONS
Subject: who, that
Ex: Everyone who/ that knew him liked him.
Object of a verb: whom or who, that
Ex: The girls whom/who/that he employs are always complaining about their pay.
With a preposition: whom, that
Ex: The man from whom I bought it told me to oil it.
Possessive: whose
Ex: People whose rents have been raised can appeal.
DEFINING RELATIVE: THINGS
Subject: which, that
Ex: This is a picture which/ that caused such a sensation.
Object of a verb: which, that or no relative at all
Ex: The car which/ that I hire broke down.
Object of a preposition: prep+ which,
which that…. prep
Ex: The ladder on which I was standing began to slip. = The ladder which I was standing on …
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: PERSONS
Subject: who
Ex: Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
Object: whom, who
Ex: Peter, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.
Object of a preposition: whom
Ex: Mr Jones, for whom I was working, was very generous about overtime payments.
Possessive: whose
Ex: Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: THINGS
Subject: which
Ex: The 8.15 train, which is usually very punctual, was late today.
Object: which
Ex: This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.
Object of a preposition: which
Ex: His house, for which he paid $100,000, is now worth $500,000.
Possessive: whose, of which
Ex: His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.