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Welcome To Great Wall of China
1.Nguyễn Minh Thúy
2.Nguyễn Thu Trang
3.Nguyễn Phú Tiến Đạt
4.Ngô Văn Nam
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The Great Wall of China is a series of stone and earthen  in fortifications Northern China, Originally built to Protect the Northern Borders of the Chinese Empire Against Various intrusions by nomadic groups and. Walls Have Been Several built SINCE the 5th century BC That Are referred to collectively as the Great Wall, Which faces Been rebuilt and maintained from the 5th century BC through the 16th century. One of the MOST FAMOUS is the wall built by Between 220-206 BC The First Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of That wall remains, the majority of the existing wall Was built during the Ming Dynasty.
The Great Wall stretches from Shanhaiquan in the east, to lop Nur in the west, an arc Along That roughly delineates the Southern edge of Intermongolia . The MOST Comprehensive archaeological survey, using Advanced Technologies, Has concluded That the Entire Great Wall, with all of its branches, stretches for 8,851.8 km (5,500.3 mi). This is made up of 6,259.6 km (3,889.5 mi) Sections of the actual wall, 359.7 km (223.5 mi) of trenches and 2,232.5 km (1,387.2 mi) of natural defensive barriers Such as Hills and Rivers.
The Chinese Were Already familiar with the Techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn Period , qual Bega around the 8th century BC. During the Warring States Period from the 5th century BC to 221 BC, the states of Qin , Wei , Zhao , Qi , Yan and Zhongshan extensiv Constructed all their own fortifications to Defend Borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms as swords and spears Such, poke Walls Were Mostly made by stamping earth and Gravel Between board frames.Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and Unified China in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty . Intending to impose centralized rule and Prevent the resurgence of feudal Lords, He ordered the Destruction of the Wall Sections That historic Empire Divided Along the Former state Borders. To Protect Against the Empire intrusions by the Xiongnu people from the north, He ordered the building of a new wall to Connect the Remaining fortifications Along the Northern Frontier`s new empire. Transporting the Large Quantity of materials required for construction Was difficult, so builders Always Tried to use local resources. Stones from the Mountains Were Used over mountain ranges, While rammed earth Was Used for construction in the Plains. There are no Surviving Historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin Dynasty Walls.Most of the Ancient Walls have eroded away over the Centuries, Sections and very few remain today. Later, the Han , Sui , Northern and Jin dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or Expanded Sections of the Great Wall at great COST to Defend Against Northern Invaders themselves. It is estimated over 1 million Workers That died building the wall.
History
Was The Great Wall concept revived again during the Ming Dynasty , following the Ming army`s DEFEN by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu in 1449. The Ming had Failed to Gain a Clear Upper-Hand over the Manchurian and Mongolian tribes After successive Battles, and the long-drawn Conflict Was Taking a toll on the empire. The Ming adopted a new Strategy to keep the nomadic tribes out by constructing Walls Along the Northern border of China. Acknowledging the Mongol control Established in the Ordos Desert , the wall followed the Southern desert`s edge instead of incorporating the bend of the Huang He.
Unlike the earlier Qin fortifications, the Ming construction elaborates Was Stronger and more due to the use of Bricks and stone instead of rammed earth. As Mongol raids continued periodically over the Years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the Walls. Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing Were especially strong. 
During the 1440s-1460s, the Ming Also built a so-called "Wall Liaodong. Similar in function to the Great Wall (whos extension, in a sense, it Was), butt more basic in construction, the Liaodong Wall enclosed the agricultural Heartland of the Liaodong province, protecting it potential Against Jurched-Mongol incursions by Oriyanghan from the Northwest and the Jianzhou Jurchens from the north. While Stones and Tiles Were Used in Some parts of the Liaodong Wall, MOST of it Was in Fact Simply an earth someone with moats on Both AIDS.

Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall helped the empire Defend Against the Manchu invasions That Bega around 1600. Under the command of Military Chonghuan Yuan , the Ming army Held off the Manchus at the heavily fortified Shanhaiguan pass, preventing the Manchus from Entering the Chinese Heartland. The Manchus FINALLY Were Able to cross the Great Wall in 1644, When the gates opened at Shanhaiguan Were by Wu Sangui , a Ming border general of WHO Activities disliked the rulers of the Shun Dynasty . Quickly The Manchus seized Beijing, and defeated the Newly Founded Shun Ming Dynasty and Remaining Resistance, to establishe the Qing Dynasty .
In 2009, an Additional 290 km (180 mi) of previously undetected portions of the wall, built during the Ming Dynasty, Were discovered. The Newly discovered Sections range from the Hushan Mountains in the Northern Liaoning province to Jiayuguan in western Gansu province. The Sections had Been submerged over time by sandstorms Which Moved Across the arid Region. 
Under Qing rule, China`s Borders Extended Beyond the Walls and Mongolia Was annexed Into the empire, so construction and Repairs on the Great Wall Were discontinued.
Great Wall
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