ENGLISH 12 - UNIT 8 - LANGUAGE FOCUS

Welcome
to our class
PREPOSITIONS
AND ARTICLES
* Exercise 1: Choose the appropriate prepositions
1. Luckily, you are in / on time for the meeting.
2. Many people are dying of / by various types of cancer.
3. I will not be here next week. I am going to be on / in business in Mexico.
4. At / In the end of the book, they get married and live happily ever after.
5. Thank you for everything you’ve done. You are a true friend of / to me.
6. I can’t believe in / to you. You always let me down.
7. I have warned you on / about the difficulties you have to face when applying for the job.
8. Britney Spears is famous by / for her beautiful face and sweet voice.
9. The bookshop is among / between the chemist’s and the butcher’s and
across / opposite the library.
10. Next year, I am going to get married to / with John and we are going to move to Bristol.
in
of
on
At
to
in
about
for
between
opposite
to
PREPOSITIONS
in time for + noun
on time
1.
He is always in time for class.
He always go to class on time.
2.
die of a decease
3.
on business = to go on business
in business = being a businessman
in the end = finally
at the end of + noun
a true friend of mine = a true friend of my friends
a true friend to me
4.
5.
PREPOSITIONS
believe in
6.
7.
warn someone about sth
8.
famous for
among a group of people / things
between two people / things / places
9.
opposite = across from
opposite ≠ across
10.
get married to someone
ARTICLES
I. Indefinite articles:
II. Definite articles:
ARTICLES
I. Indefinite articles:
- a / an can precede only singular nouns
- a / an can be used to introduce a subject which has not been previously mentioned
Ex: A baseball is round. (means all baseball)
I saw a boy in the street. (We don’t know which boy)
* Confusing spelling:
* Spelling:
- a before consonants Ex: a cat, a watch
- an before vowels (a, e, i, o, u) Ex: an apple
ARTICLES
II. Definite articles:
- the is used to indicate sth that we already know about or sth that is common knowledge
Ex: The boy in the corner is my friend.
The earth is round.
1. Uncountable nouns:
- without “the” → general
Ex: Sugar is sweet.
- with “the” → in specific terms
Ex: The sugar on the table is from Cuba.
2. Plural countable nouns:
- without “the” → everything in a certain class
Ex: Oranges are green until they are ripen.
3. Words such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, school, church, home, college, work…
- with article → to restrict the meaning
Ex: We ate breakfast at 8:00 this morning.
We went to school yesterday.
* How to use “the”
1. oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, plural lakes
the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Great Lakes
1. singular lakes
lake Erie
2. mountains
2. mounts
the Rocky
Mount Everest
3. the sun / moon / earth
3. planets: Venus, Mars
4. countries with more than one words
4. countries with only one words
the United States
France, Italy, Brazil
* How to use “the”
5. the + school + name
the University of Florida
5. name + school
Florida University
6. musical equipment
6. sports
the piano, the violin
football, tennis
7. the + ordinal number + n.
7. cardinal number + noun
the first chapter
chapter one
8. continents, states
Europe, Asia,
Ohio, Florida, California
8. ethnic group
the Indians, the Aztecs
* How to use “the”
9. abstract nouns
freedom, happiness
10. subject matter
mathematics, sociology
11. holidays
Christmas, Thanksgiving
* Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the correct articles: a / an / the / Ø
1. We went by _____ to the west of England.
2. _____ people who live in _____ Scotland are called _____ Scots.
3. _____ Columbus was one of _____ first people to cross _____ Atlantic.
4. Davis learned to play _____ violin when he was at _____ university.
5. Did you read _____ book I lent you _____ last week?
6. Is that _____ present Bill gave you for _____ Christmas.
7. _____ computer has already changed _____ our life dramatically.
8. There was _____ accident yesterday at _____ corner of _____ street.
9. I need _____ time to think about _____ offer you gave me.
10. _____ little knowledge is _____ dangerous thing.
Ø
a
an
Ø
Ø
Ø
the
the
the
Ø
the
Ø
the
Ø
The
Ø
the
the
the
Ø
Ø
Ø
HOMEWORK
- Learn by heart grammar note
Redo the exercise at home
Prepare for Unit 10 - Read