Dong vat hoc 03

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Class Aves
BIO 2215
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson
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Class Aves
Feathers
No teeth
Flexible long neck
One occipital condyle
Scales on legs
Bones with air spaces
Endothermic
Four chambered heart
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Adaptations for Flight
Honey combed bones
Air cavities
Less weight
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Light Weight Skeleton
Frigate bird
7 foot wing span
4 ounce skeleton
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Adaptations for Flight
Enlarged sternum
Flight muscle attachment
Long neck
balance
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11-25 Cervical Vertebrae
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Pygostyle
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Skull
Most bones fused
Much lighter than reptile or mammal skull
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Adaptations for Flight
Wing
lift
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Adaptations for Flight
Feathers
Light weight
Strong
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Adaptations for Flight
Reduce body weight
No teeth
No urinary bladder
No penis
Only one ovary
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Migration
Sissor-tailed flycatchar
Migates to Central and South America in October
Returns in April
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Migration
Arctic tern
Migrates 25,000 miles!
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Beak Adaptations
Ripping flesh
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Beak Adaptations
Eating seeds
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Beak Adaptations
Sucking nectar from flowers
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Beak Adaptations
Drilling wood
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Beak Adaptations
Catching fish
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Beak Adaptations
Basket-like bill to hold fish caught under water
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Beak Adaptations
Filtering

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Digestive System
Crop
Storage
Proventriculus
Enzymes
Gizzard
Grind food
Cloaca
Waste
Reproduction
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Vision
Up to 8 times keener than human vision
Each eye moves indendtantly
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Respiratory System
Nine air sacs
Connect to lungs and centers of bones
Cools the bird
Fresh air always moving
No dead ends as in mammals
Each wing beat moves air
Never run out of air
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Benefits of Birds to Man
Eat insects, rodents and weeds
Spread seeds for flowers and trees
Food
Sport
Pets
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Fastest Animal
Peregrine falcon
Strikes prey at 180 mph
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Elephant Bird
Eleven feet tall
1100 pounds
Largest egg ever
Extinct in late 1600’s
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Giant Moa
New Zealand
Hunted to extinction about 1600
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Hummingbirds
Fly up, down, left, right, backwards and upside down
Wings beat 50 -200 times per second
Heart rate =600 bpm
Eat 2/3 body weight each day
Nectar, pollen & insects
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Chicks
Altricial
No feathers
Cannot walk or see
Cannot feed themselves

Precocial
Down feathers
Can walk and see
Can feed themselves
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Caudipteryx
Feathered dinosaur
Flightless
Transitional fossil
Dinosaur arms
Dinosaur teeth
Only front of upper jaw
Bird feathers

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Archaeopteryx
147 MYA
Transitional fossil
Characteristics of reptiles
Characteristics of birds
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Archeopteryx
Reptile characteristics
Teeth
Boney tail
Fingers with claws
Bird characteristics
Feathers
Furcula
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Click Image for Movie
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Evolution of Flight
Running Hypothesis
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Microraptor gui
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Evolution of Flight
Gliding Hypothesis
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Sexual Selection
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Bird Classification
28 orders
9600 species
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Order Struthioniformes
Large flightless bird
Two toes
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Order Pelecaniformes
Gular sac
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Order Ciconiiformes
Long legs for wading
Long necks
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Order Anseriformes
Flat bill
Webbed feet
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Order Falconiformes
Hooked bill
Talons
Eagle
Hawk
Falcon
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Order Passeriformes
Perching foot
Songbirds
5000 species
Mocking bird
Thrushes
Swallows
Magpie
Crow
Starling
Jays
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Order Columbiformes
Short neck
Short legs
Pigeons
Doves
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Order Strigiformes
Large eyes
Silent flight
Nocturnal predator
Owls
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Order Apodiformes
Small bird
Rapid wingbeat
Hummingbirds
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Order Galliformes
Chicken like
Strong beaks
Heavy feet
Chicken
Turkey
Pheasants
Quail
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Order Charadriiformes
Short bill
Strong fliers
Shorebirds
Gulls

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Order Psittaciformes
Thick tongue
Hinged and movable upper beak
Bright colors
Parrots
Parakeets
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Order Piciformes
Two toes forward and two toes backward
woodpeckers
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Order Sphenisciformes
Webbed feet
Wings as used for swimming
penquins
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Bird Information
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The End
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The End