động từ nguyên thể và danh động từ tổng hợp

INFINITIVE AND GERUND
THEORY:
V + to V





V + O+ to V




To be+ V
Agree, afford, aim, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, choose, decide, deserve, demand, expect, fail, happen, hope, learn, manage, promise, refuse, seem, pretend, seem, threaten, want, wish, would like/love, intend, hesitate, wish, offer, omit, decide…
tell, invite, remind, encourage, force, enable, teach, order, warn, invite, persuade, get( persuade, arrange for), allow, encourage, permit…
able, afraid, amused, annoyed, anxious, astonished, boring, careful, certain, difficult, eager, happy, lucky, impatient, interested, safe, scared, slow, sorry…

Be+ adj+( for O)+ to V
she was happy to hear the news
S+ V+ anything/something/nothing/someone/no one.. + to V
We have nothing to do in this project
Wh-words + to V
I don’t know what to say
V + to V: purpose
I listen to music to relax
As a subject:
To know how to study English is useful
Idiomatic expresses:
to make up one’s mind, to take care, to take the trouble, to make sure

V + V-ing



prep+ V-ing


V+ O + v-ing
Admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, continue, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mention, mind, postpone, prefer, miss, practice, quit, risk, suggest…
Note:
Prep: of, in, on, at, for, about, to
Lead to, return to, look forward to, object to…


Call, catch, discover, feel, find, hear, get, imagine, keep, leave, notice, see, send, watch
V-ing as a subject:
Seeing from this window, she could observe the quarrel
He fell off while walking down

Can’t + (bear, face, stand, help)
Feel like, it’s no use, it’s worth..


V + to v/v-ing
Remember, forget, regret, try, stop,
Allow, permit, recommend, advise… + to V /Or + O + v-ing


V + V
Make, let, help
catch, hear, notice, see, send, watch, feel, notice, smell
Note: khi dùng trong câu bị động thì chèn thêm to vào giữa hai động từ
He was made to work in the bad condition

Participles: phân từ
V-ing

Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ, hoặc diễn tả những hành động kế tiếp nhau
Standing on the hill, we could see the river
She is sitting at the desk, looking out of the window, thinking of the future
Dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ, mang nghĩa chủ động
The man talking to you yesterday is my teacher
Look at the cat lying on the floor
 S + sit / stand / lie / come / run (cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn) V-ing .
He sat on the chair reading a book.
There + be + Noun + V-ing
There are many people waiting for the bus.


V3
Nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ mang nghĩa bị động
Tom was punished yesterday, Tom felt very sad
Punished yesterday, Tom…..


Having V3
V + having V3: diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước đó
He was accused of having stealing their money
Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ, hành động nào hoàn thành trước thì dùng Having V3
He finished all his homework and then he went to bed.
Having finished all his homework, he went to bed.
dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
After he had fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation.
After having fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation.




PRACTICE ON INFINITIVE – GERUND
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences, using the appropriate forms of the verb in the box.
find
know
use
take
pass

look
touch
finish
keep
complete

1. Mr. White didn’t have any money, so he decided ______________ a job.
2. The teacher reminded the students ______________ their assignments in time.
3. My group leader expects me______________ this paper as soon as possible.
4. Our teacher encourages us ______________ a dictionary whenever we are unsure of the meaning of a word.
5. Before I went away to college, my mother