DE THI THU DAI HOC VI

MÃ 306

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined pared that needs correction
1: The first domesticated (A)bird in (B)earth was probably (C)the goose(D).
2:The Concord can fly across (A)the Atlantic without refuelling (B)and carrying (C)11 tons of freight(D)
3:Because not food (A)is as nutritious (B)for a baby as (C)its mother’s milk, many women are returning to the practice of breast (D)feeding.
4:The Homestead Act of 1862 granted 160 acres of land for (A)any settler who (B)would (C)spend five years on (D)the land.
5 :Despite the appearance (A)of the Mayan empire(B), there are (C)still Mayans in the region that they (D)once inhabited
6:As soon as (A)800 B. C, people (B)began to experiment with(C) methods of helping the sick.(D).
7 All the staff (A)in Tam’s film (B)are expected to do some overtime (C)if the need rises(D)
8:The results of our marketing survey show that (A)there will be (B)quite a demand(C) for electric cars in the ahead (D)years
9: That (A)cats have (B)nine lives (C) have been believed (D)for centuries
10:An organ is(A) a group of tissues(B) capable to perform(C)some special functions, as, for example, the heart, the liver(D)or the lungs.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Experience versus speed

Certain mental functions slow down with age, but the brain compensates in ways that can keep seniors as sharp as youngsters.

Jake, aged 16, has a terrific relationship with his grandmother Rita, who is 70. They live close by, and they even take a Spanish class together twice a week at a local college. After class they sometimes stop at a cafe for a snack. On one occasion, Rita tells Jake, `I think it`s great how fast you pick up new grammar. It takes me a lot longer.` Jake replies, `Yeah, but you don`t seem to make as many silly mistakes on the quizzes as I do. How do you do that?`
In that moment, Rita and Jake stumbled across an interesting set of differences between older and younger minds. Popular psychology says that as people age their brains `slow down`. The implication, of course, is that elderly men and women are not as mentally agile as middle-aged adults or even teenagers. However, although certain brain functions such as perception and reaction time do indeed take longer, that slowing down does not necessarily undermine mental sharpness. Indeed, evidence shows that older people are just as mentally fit as younger people because their brains compensate for some kinds of declines in creative ways that young minds do not exploit.
Just as people`s bodies age at different rates, so do their minds. As adults advance in age, the perception of sights, sounds and smells takes a bit longer, and laying down new information into memory becomes more difficult. The ability to retrieve memories also quickly slides and it is sometimes harder to concentrate and maintain attention.
On the other hand, the ageing brain can create significant benefits by tapping into its extensive hoard of accumulated knowledge and experience. The biggest trick that older brains employ is to use both hemispheres simultaneously to handle tasks for which younger brains rely predominantly on one side. Electronic images taken by cognitive scientists at the University of Michigan, for example, have demonstrated that even when doing basic recognition or memorization exercises, seniors exploit the left and right side of the brain more extensively than men and women who are decades younger. Drawing on both sides of the brain gives them a tactical edge, even if the speed of each hemisphere`s process is slower.
In another experiment, Michael Falkenstein of the University of Dortmund in Germany found that when elders were presented with new computer exercises they paused longer before reacting and took longer to complete the tasks, yet they made 50% fewer errors, probably because of their more deliberate pace.
One analogy for these results might be the question of who can type a paragraph `better`: a I6-year-old who glides along at 60 words per minute but has to double back to correct a number of mistakes or a 70-year-old who strikes keys at only 40 words per minute but spends less time fixing errors? In the end, if `better` is defined as completing a clean paragraph. Both people may end up taking the same amount of time.
Computerized tests support the notion that