De cuong on tot nghiep TA 12

A – TENSES:
I. Simple present and simple past tense:
1, Form of verb:
SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE PAST

1, The verb “TO BE”
(+) I: am
She/ he/ it: is
We/ you/ they: are
Eg: I am a teacher.
She is in her room.
They are in the classroom.
(-) I am
She/ he/ it: is + NOT
We/ you/ they: are
(is not = isn’t; are not = aren’t)
Eg: He isn’t a doctor.
They aren’t students.
(?) Am I
Is she/ he/ it +... ?
Are we/you/ they
Are you a student ?
Yes, I am. (No, I am not)
Are they in the classroom?
Yes, they are. (No, they aren’t)
2. The ordinary verbs:
(+) I/we/you/they + V
She/he/it +Vs/es
I play football every day.
She listens to music every night.
(-) I/We/You/They +do + not + V(inf...)
She/ He/ It + does
I don’t go to school by bicycle.
He doesn’t go to school by bus.
(?) Do I/we/you/they + V(inf…) ?
Does she/ he/ it + V(inf…) ?
Do you go to school on Sunday?
Yes, I do. / (No, I don’t).
Does she live here? Yes, she does.
1, The verb “TO BE”
(+) I/ She/ he/ it: was
We/ you/ they: were
I was at the cinema last night.
They were out yesterday.
She was at home last Friday.
(-) I/ She/ he/ it was
We/you/they were + NOT
( were not = weren’t;
Was not = wasn’t)
He wasn’t at homeyesterday.
They weren’t in class last night.
(?) Was I/ She/ he/ it
Were we/ you/they + .. ?
Was she at home last night?
Yes she was. (No, she wasn’t).
Were they in the clssroom yesterday?
Yes, they were.
(No, they weren’t).

2. The ordinary verbs:
S + Ved
(V cột 2 Bảng ĐTBQT)
He played football yesterday.
He listened to music last night.
(-) S + did + not + V(infinitive)
They didn’t go to school yesterday.
He didn’t go to the cinema last night.

(?) Did + S + V(infinitive) ?
Eg: Did you go to school yesterday?
Yes, I did. / (No, I didn’t).
Did he play football last Sunday?
Yes, he did. / (No, he didn’t)

2. Qui luật chính tả:

SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE PAST

Khi chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ ba số ít:
- Thêm S vào sau động từ
Eg: live -> lives
-Thêm ES vào sau động từ có tận cùng S, SH, CH, O, X, SS,…
Eg: watch -> watches
- Động từ có tận cùng là Y, trước Y là phụ âm ta đổi Y -> i cộng thêm ES
Eg: hurry -> hurries
Động từ theo qui tắc:
-Thêm ED vào sau động từ
Eg: open -> opened
-Thêm D vào sau động từ có tận cùng là E
Eg: close -> closed
Động từ có tận cùng là Y, trước Y là phụ âm ta đổi Y -> i cộng thêm ED
Eg: hurry -> hurried
- Động từ có tận cùng là 1 phụ âm, trước nó là 1 nguyên âm đọc ngắn ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm ED
Eg: stop -> stopped


3. Qui luật phát âm:

SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE PAST

Cách đọc đuôi S của động từ khi chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ 3 số ít:
- Đọc là /Z/ khi động từ tận cùng là các phụ âm hữu thanh và các nguyên âm.
Eg: goes; buys; comes; sees; saves; ….
- Đọc là /S/ khi động từ tận cùng là các âm vô thanh như: /f/; /k/; /p