Đề cương ôn tập thi Cao học

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR





Chương trình ôn thi Cao học






















Tháng 11 năm 2004

__________
UNIT 1

PRESENT SIMPLE and PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I. THE PRESENT SIMPLE :
The Present Simple is used to talk about :
- Actions done regularly or frequently, often wih adverbs like never, seldom, occasionally, sometimes, often, usually and always
EX : * David usually plays football on saturday
* Mary doesn’t go to school by bus
* What do you do in the evenings ?
- Facts that are always or usually true
EX : * She comes from Cairo
* Elephants don’t eat meat
* Does it often rain much in September ?
II. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS :
The Present Continuous is used to talk about things that are happening now, at the moment of speaking, often with adverbs like now, at the moment, at present, today, this week, etc
EX : * Elena is writing a letter at the moment
* They are playing football in the yard now
III. NOTE :
The verbs following are not used in the present continuous :
Believe, belong, contain, dislike, doubt, hate, impress, know, like, love, mean, need, owe, own, prefer, resemble, seem, suppose, surprise, understand, want, wish
There seems to be = It seems that there is
IV. EXERCISES :
A. Complete the sentences, using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous :
He always ______ chocolate after lunch ( eat )
I can’t come. I ______ my mother ( help )
They ______ hard enough at present ( not / study )
They often ______ coffee in the evenings ( drink )
Clara occasionally ______ to the theater ( go )
Yukiko ______ a bath now ( have )
We ______ a cake at the moment ( make )
I never ______ cigarettes ( smoke )
She ______ her hair twice a week ( wash )
Lisa ______ her sister’s car today ( drive )
The Amazon ______ into the Atlantic ( flow )
Many birds ______ south for the winter ( fly )

B. Write full sentences using the information given :
You / speak / Greek ?
Bill / know / Mr. Jameson ?
We / not live / in a large house
Alexandre / not go / to the beach very often
I / have to / attend the ceremony ?
Jane / watch / television at the moment ?
Costas / not work / in a bank
The children / not listen / to their mother now
Theo / live / in new York ?
William / study / at the moment ?
Where / you / usually spend / your holidays ?
I / not earn much money at present
























__________
UNIT 2

PAST SIMPLE and PRESENT PERFECT
( Simple and Continuous )

I. THE PAST SIMPLE :
The Past Simple is used to talk about completed actions at a particular point in the past, often with dates or times and words like yesterday, formerly, last and ago
EX : * Kurt went to Canada in 1998
* I didn’t see you yesterday
* Did you live in California formerly ?
* Where were you last weekend ?
II. THE PRESENT PERFECT :
The Present Perfect is used to talk about :
- Recent actions or events when no fixed time is given ( e.g. news, reports ), often with words ike just, recently, and lately
EX : * A volcano has erupted in Japan
* I’ve just seen your mother in the street
- Actions with have a result in the present
EX : * What’s wrong ? Have you lost your keys ?
- Actions in a period of time which is not yet finished, and experiences in someone’s life so far, often with yet, so far, ever, for, and since
EX : * I haven’t had any letters this week
* She’s visited New York five times in her life so far
* Have you ever been to Greece ?
III. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS :
The Present Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions which started in the past and are still happening, or which have recently stopped but have a result in the present
EX : * I’ve been waiting here for ten minutes
* Your eyes are red. You haven’t been crying, have you ?
IV. EXERCISES :
A. Complete the sentences,