Đại từ quan hệ

Đại từ quan hệ
Relative Pronoun
Student : Dang Viet Thao – HaNoi University
HaNoi University - English Grammar
Nội Dung
Excersice
whose
Whom
Which & That
Who & That
Đại Từ Quan Hệ “Who”
Who là đại từ quan hệ dùng để nối 2 câu có chung chủ ngữ là người.
_TH1: Khi 2 danh từ đứng liền nhau (1) và (2) đứng liền nhau
VD: She loves the man. The man has a simple lifestyle.
1 2
(Trong câu trên “the man (1) và “2” đều cùng chỉ 1 người; vì vậy ta có thể nối 2 câu trên thành 1 câu đơn)
She loves the man who has a simple lifestyle.

VD: We don’t want to work with him. He’s very selfish
We don’t want to work with him who is very selfish

VD: We really love this woman. She helped the poor very much.
 We really love this woman who helped the poor very much.

Đại Từ Quan Hệ “Who”
_TH2: khi 2 danh từ này đứng cách xa nhau
VD: The man was arrested by police. The man is guilty.
1 2
Trường hợp này “the man” (1) & (2) đứng cách xa nhau
The man who is guilty was arrested by police.

VD: Nam likes his yamaha-exciter motor very much. He works in Yamaha town.
 Nam who works in Yamaha town likes his yamaha-exciter motor very much

Đại Từ Quan Hệ “Who”
Chú ý: trong các trường hợp trên thì “that” có thể thay thế cho “who”

VD She loves the man who has a simple lifestyle
= She loves the man that has a simple lifestyle

VD: We don’t want to work with him who is very selfish
= We don’t want to work with him who is very selfish

Đại Từ Quan Hệ “Whom”
“Whom” là đại từ quan hệ dùng để thay thế cho tân ngữ chỉ người
VD: I know the man. You want to meet him
(Trong trường hợp trên “him” đóng vai trò làm tân ngữ, tân ngữ đứng sau V, có chức năng nhận hành động) . Ta phải dùng đại từ quan hệ “whom” để thay thế cho “him”
I know the man whom you want to meet.
VD: The police are looking for the robber. He saw him yesterday.
The police arelooking for the robber whom he saw yesterday.
Chú ý: Trong câu trên, đằng sau “whom” luôn là 1 clause
Đại Từ Quan Hệ “Whom”
Xét trường hợp sau
VD: The man is very rich.I saw him at the art galery.
The man whom I saw at the art galery is very rich.

VD: My father often goes shopping at the city centre. Everyone knows him.
My father whom everyone knows often goes shopping at the city centre .

VD: Mai has a nice car. I sent her an email yesterday.

Đại Từ quan hệ “Which”
Which là đại từ quan hệ dùng để nối 2 câu có chung chủ ngữ là vật.
VD: This is a gun. It is Clark’s.
This is a gun which is clark’s.
VD: He has an expensive laptop. It’s on his bag.
 He has an expensive laptop which is on his bag.


Nhiên cứu các ví dụ sau
VD: The pencil is mine. The pencil is on the desk.
The pencil which is on the desk is mine.
VD: This picture is very famous. It is the work of Moninaza
This picture which is the work ò Moninaza is very famous
Các trường hợp trên khi 2 chủ ngữ đứng cách xa nhau
C + V, which
Which cũng dùng để thay thế cho cả 1 mệnh đề
VD: she comes late, which makes her boss angry
VD: He bends his toe, which makes him hurt

That không thể thay thế cho which trong trường hợp này
Which thay thế cho tân ngữ
Xét ví dụ sau:
VD: The dress is beautiful. She is wearing that dress.
Trường hợp trên “That dress” chính là tân ngữ (object)
The dress which she is wearing is beautiful
VD: The book is very thick. She buys the book
 The book which she buys is very thick

That có thể thay thế cho which
Chú ý: trong các câu trên “that” có thể thay thế cho “which”
VD: The pencil which /that is on the desk is mine.
VD: The book which / that she buys is very thick


Đại từ quan hệ “Whose”
Whose thay thế cho sở hữu cách của cả vật lẫn người
VD: We meet this boy. His mother is a teacher.
(Trường hợp trên “His mother” được xác định là của “this boy”)
 We meet this boy whose mother is a teacher.

Đại từ quan hệ “Whose”
VD: That is my dog. Its leg is broken.
That is my dog whose leg is broken.

VD: The girl is my sister. You take the girl’s pictures
 The girl whose pictures you take is my sister
Đại từ quan hệ “Whose”
The boy stands over there. His parents are rich
The boy whose parrents are rich stand over there

Đôi khi ta có thể thay of which = whose

VD: He showed me his car. The engine of the car is good
 He showed me his car, the engine of which is good
Trạng từ quan hệ
When: khi mà
Đây là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian
VD: Monday is the day. Marry will come on that day
Monday is the day when Marry will come

VD: Please, tell me the time. The train leaves at that time
 Please, tell me the time when the train leaves
Trạng từ quan hệ
Where: nơi mà
Đây là trang từ qun hệ chỉ nơi chốn
VD: I never forget the village. I was born there
I never forget the village where I was born

VD: There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holiday there
 There are many hotels where tourists can enjoy their holiday
Xét các trường hợp sau
VD: She always comes to visit the house. She live in the house when she was young
She always comes to visits the house which she live in when she was young
She always comes to visits the house in which she live when she was young
she always comes to visit the house where she live when she was young
Xét các trường hợp sau
VD: 5 pm is the time. The children leave their school at that time
5 pm is the time which the children leave their school at
5 pm is the time at which the children leave their school
5 pm is the time where the children leave their school

Thank You !
HaNoi University - English Grammar