Cụm danh từ

Group: 1
Ma Thi Ngan
Nguyen Thi Tu
Nguyen Thi Minh Hao
Duong Bich Hanh
Truong Thi Noi
Basic noun phrase
I. Definition
A noun phrase is a group word with a noun or a pronoun as the head & other constituents as modifiers.
Example: The second yellow sunflower on the table is very nice
art numeral adj head PP
Function: Noun phrases perform 6 major grammatical
functions in the English language:
Subject: This book is very interesting
2. Direct Object: John kicked the ball
3. Indirect Object: He gives his mother a gift.
4. Subject Complement: She is a student
5. Object Complement: We elected you team leader
6. Prepositional Complement:
she works in this company
Basic Noun Phrase
Basic NP
Determiners
Head noun
+
Determiners:
= words of close-system used before
a N to “determine” the precise meaning
of the N
Pre-determiners
(Central) Determiners
Post-determiners
Pre-determiners
All, both, half
Multipliers
Fractions
Such, what (exclamative)
Pre-determiners
All, both, half
+ Before: - Articles (a, an, the, zero articles)
eg: All time
- Possessive determiners (my, her, his, etc.)
eg: Both of them
- Demonstrative determiners (this, that, these,
those, etc.)
eg: Half these days.
Half of the time
+ Not before: Quantitative determiners (no, each, any, some,
enough, either, neither, every)
Pre-determiners
Multipliers
+ Take partitive “of-phrases” - Optional with Nouns
Eg: All (of) the time
- Obligatory with pronouns
eg: All of them, both of us, half of it
+ “All, both” occur after head, either immediately or after
the operator.
eg: They (all) were (all) accepted.
Pre-determiners
Fractions
+ The fraction have the alternative of-construction
Eg: One-third (of) the time
Two-fifths (of) the students
+ The indefinite article can replace “one”
Eg: He did it in one-third (of the time it took me)
One-third, two-fifths,
Three-quarters, etc.
Pre-determiners
Such, what (eclamative)
+ Occur before the head noun
+ “Such” combined with “all/no, quantifiers
cardinal numbers”

Eg: No/ many/ 30 such incidents

Determiners groups:
Articles
Possessives
Demonstratives
Distributives
Partitives
Interrogative
(Central) Determiners
(Central) Determiners
(1)
Possessive:
My, our, her,
Etc.
Wh-words,
Some, any
(stressed),
no
(2)
Zero
Article
Some, any
(unstressed)
Enough

(3)
(A)n every,
Each,
(N)Either


(4)

This

That

(5)

Those

These

(6)

Much



a. The articles: definite: a(n) & indefinite: the/X…:eg: the door

b. Possessive: my, your, his, her, their, Lan’s …:eg: John’s laptop

c. Demonstrative: this, that, these, those…:eg: those chair, this book

d. Interrogative: whose, which, what…: eg : which answer do you like?

e. Indefinite: some, any, every, each, no…:eg. some rice, everyday

f. Quantifier: much, … : eg. Much of coffee

=>They can occur with noun classes:

+singular count nouns: eg. my chair, the book

+plural count nouns: eg. these tables, which apple

+non-count nouns: eg. much water, some milk
Determiners:
Post-determiners
cardinal numerals
ordinal numerals
general ordinals
Ordinal numerals : first, second, third…
In addtion to the ordinals which have a one-for-one relation with the cardinals ( fourth~four; twentieth-twenty), we consider here items like Next, last, (an) other, additional, which resemble them grammatically and semantically.

Ordinal numerals, except First, co-occur only with count nouns.
ex: The first period.
The second student is A


2. Cardinal numerals : one, two, three

Apart from One, which can co-occur only with singular count
nouns, all cardinal numerals ( two, three, etc) co-occur only with
plural count nouns:

ex: There are two bananas on the table.
There are five cats
3. General cardinals: last, final, next…
ex: His last two books were novels.


Post-determiners
Closed-system quantifiers
Open-system quantifiers
Close-system quantifiers
Before count Ns: many, (a) few, several
Ex: The few words he spoke were well chosen
De- Post- head
- Before non-count Ns: much, (a) little
Ex: Much stress
Post-de head
There hasn’t been much good weather recently

He took a few biscuits (= several)
few biscuits (= not many)
a little butter (= some)
little butter (=not much)
Several is rarely preceded by a determiner, and in the
case of few and little there is a positive contrast
according as the indefinite article is or is not used:
2. Open-system quantifiers
- Include: plenty of, a lot of, lost of, a great of, a large of, etc.
Verbs have number concord with the second nouns, not
the quality nouns (lot, deal, lost, plenty, etc.)

Ex: The room contained plenty of students
a lot of funiture
lots of
The room contained a great deal of money.
good
The room contained a great number of students
good
large