CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (IF SENTENCE)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (CÂU )

Type 1: Real conditional sentences (câu có )

Situation
If Clause
Main Clause

Future possible (có ra ở lai)
If + S + V(simple present)
Ex: If I have the money,
S + will/can/may/must + V
I will be a new car.

2. Habitual (thói quen)
If + S + V (simple present)
Ex: If Ann has enough time,
S + V(simple present)
she usually walks to school

3. Command (câu , yêu )
If + S + V (simple present) Ex : If you hear from Bill,
Command form
please call me


Type 2: Present unreal conditional sentences (câu không có ở )

If Clause
Main Clause

If + S + Vsimple past (be (were)
S + would/could/ might/ had to + V

Ex: I don’t have free time, so we can’t go to the beach with you

( If I had time,
I would go to the beach with you


Type 3: Past unreal conditional sentences (câu không có ở quá )
If Clause
Main Clause

If + S + V(past perfect)
S + would/could/might + have + P.P (V3/ed)

Ex: I didn’t know that you were there, so I didn’t write you a letter.

( If I had known that you were there,
I would have written you a letter.


( Note:
( Có thể dùng phép trong câu kiện loại 1 và loại 2 trong câu có were, had, should. Khi đó If hay Unless trong câu được bỏ.
Ex : If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house. ( Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house. ( có sau chính.
Ex: You could make better progress if you attended class regularly.
( Unless = If …not
Ex: If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
  = Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
( Without + N = There …no + N
Ex: Without water, life wouldn’t exist
          = If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.
( Command () + or + Clause : dùng If 1
Ex: Go away or I will call the police.  
→ If you don’t go away, I will call the police.

( Câu 2 và 3 (có đi theo, không phải dịch theo ngữ cảnh trước sau của sự việc)
Ex: 1. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
2. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning
( Trong hợp này, mệnh đề If chia động từ ở loại 3, mệnh đề chính chia động từ ở loại 2

PRACTICE EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in to the correct forms:
If he (eat)......................................... all that, he will be ill.
She could give us some advice if she (be)............................................ here now.
What (happen)........................................... if my parachute does not open?
The baby (wake) ....................................... up if you spoke louder.
If he had gotten one more mark, he (pass)………………………………the exam.
If she (not get)................................. married young, she wouldn’t have had many children.
If I (know) ..............................................the answer, I would tell you.
You (not have)............................................. so many accidents if you drove more carefully.
If Peter (ask)............................................ me, I’ll help him with all my ability.
If she studied harder, she (get)................................................... better grades.
If I (be)................................. you, I (tell) ....................................... them the truth.
If you (do)..................................... as I told you, you (succeed).......................................
I (not go).......................................... to his house unless you go with me.
We could have a drink if it............................................. (not be) so late.
Please don’t disturb him if he (be).............................................. busy.
If ice (be).................................. heavier than water, it (not float)...........................................
They would be glad if the rain (stop)………………………soon.
If Jack (come) ………………………….to my party, I would have danced with him.
It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) ……………..here, she (know) …………………….. what to do.
Lee will go to a Disneyland