Cơ thể người 02

Chapter 1, part 2
An Introduction to
Anatomy and Physiology
SECTION 1-3
Homeostasis
Autoregulation
Extrinsic regulation
Two general points within homeostasis
A receptor
A control center
An effector
Homeostatic regulation involves
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.5 Negative Feedback: The Control of Body Temperature
Figure 1.6 Positive Feedback: Blood Clotting
Figure 1.6
SECTION 1-4
A frame of reference for anatomical studies
Superficial anatomy breaks the body into anatomical landmarks and regions
Sectional anatomy provides directional references
Anatomical position – standing upright with palms facing forward
Figure 1.7 Anatomical Landmarks
Figure 1.7a
Figure 1.7b
Figure 1.8 Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions
Figure 1.8a
Figure 1.8b, c
Figure 1.9 Directional References
Figure 1.9
Transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior
Frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior and posterior
Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal divides the body exactly down the middle
Plans and Sections are important in visualizing structures
Figure 1.10 Planes of Section
Figure 1.10
Body cavities are internal chambers holding vital organs
Cavities protect vital organs
Cavities allow organs to change in shape and size
Two body cavities
Dorsal body cavity includes the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
Ventral body cavity includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
Body Cavities
Figure 1.12a Body Cavities
Figure 1.12a, b
The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs.
It is subdivided into the left and right pleural cavities and the mediastinum
Each pleural cavity contains one lung lined by the visceral and parietal pleura
The mediastinum contains the pericardium, another serous membrane that surrounds the heart
Thoracic Cavities
Animation: Heart Dissection
PLAY
The abdominopelvic cavity is lined by the peritoneum
The abdominal cavity extends from the diaphragm to the superior margins of the pelvis
liver, stomach, spleen and most of the large intestine
Abdominopelvic Cavity
The pelvic cavity is bordered by the pelvis, with a floor of muscle
reproductive organs, urinary bladder and the final portion of the large intestine
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Animation: Digestive System Dissection
PLAY
X-rays
Computerized tomography (CT) scans
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
Ultrasound images
Spiral CT scans
Digital subtraction angiography images (DSA)
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans
Clinical technology allows many different views of the body
Figure 1.13 X-rays
Figure 1.13
Figure 1.14 Common scanning techniques
Figure 1.14
Figure 1.15 Special Scanning Methods
Figure 1.15c
The characteristics of life.
The sciences of anatomy and physiology and their various subdivisions.
The levels of organization in the human body.
The definition and importance of homeostasis.
The terminology associated with superficial and sectional anatomy and the body cavities.
You should now be familiar with: