CLEFT SENTENCES

Cleft means divided. In a cleft sentence, information which could be given in one clause is divided into two parts, each with its own verb. This way you give extra emphasis to part of the sentence
EX: It was Tom who didn’t want to come.
TYPE 1:
It Cleft sentences:
IT + BE (+ NOT AND/OR ADVERB) + EMPHASISED WORD/PHRASE +THAT (WHO) CLAUSE
SENTENCE Mike took Sally to the party on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE SUBJECT ( It was Mike who took Sally to the party on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE OBJECT ( It was Sally that Mike took to the party on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE ADVERBIAL ( It was on Saturday that Mike took Sally to the party.
EMPHASIS ON THE PREP. PHRASE ( It was to the party that Mike took Sally on Saturday.

TYPE 2:
WH- cleft sentences:
WH- Clause + BE + EMPHASISED WORD / PHRASE

EMPHASIS ON THE ACTION ( What Mike did was (to) take Sally to the party
In these sentences WHAT means THE THING(S) THAT. The WH-clause must contain a verb. To highlight the action we uses a form of DO in the WH-clause. The highlighted phrase usually contains a bare infinitive or TO + INF. If the highlighted verb is in the continuous or perfect, the form of DO matches it.

The boys are taking Sandy to the match ( What the boys are doing is taking Sandy to the match.

TYPE 3:
Other cleft sentences
The thing that I most disliked was the colour of her dress.
The only thing I won’t do is phone her again.
All you need is love.

Some other examples:
The thing that impresses me more than anything elseis your generosity.
The jewels are hidden under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road, Epping.
The place where the jewels are hidden isunder the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road, Epping.
Under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road is the place where the jewels are hidden.
Mary works harder than anybody else in this organisation.
The person who works harder than anybody else in this organisationis Mary.
Mary is the person in this organisationwho works harder than anybody else.
The Second World War ended on 7 May 1945 in Europe.
The day (when) the Second World War ended in Europewas 7 May 1945
7 May 1945 was the day (when) the Second World War ended in Europe.

EXERCISES

I. Read the information in the box then complete the replies. Each reply must contain a cleft sentence.

Nick turned up late for work on Monday because he got stuck in a traffic jam on the ring road. Luckily Nick has a mobile phone so he was able to phone his boss and warn her that he would be late. She was furious but managed to reschedule an important meeting for the afternoon.

1. Nick was late because he overslept, wasn’t he?
No, it ______________________________________________________ that he was late.
2. How on earth did Nick let the boss know he’d be late?
Well, what _______________________________________________ call her from his mobile phone.
3. Wasn’t Nick late on Wednesday?
No, _________________________________________________ that he was late.
4. Nick’s boss had to start the meeting without him, didn’t she?
No, what she ______________________________________ the afternoon.
5. Didn’t Nick get stuck in a traffic jam in the town centre?
No, not in the town centre; it _____________________________________ got stuck.
6. I heard the boss was a little annoyed with Nick for being late.
No, she wasn’t “a little annoyed”. What ____________________________________!
EXERCISES KEY
1. Nick was late because he overslept, wasn’t he?
No, it WAS BECAUSE OF THE TRAFFIC JAM that he was late.
2. How on earth did Nick let the boss know he’d be late?
Well, what HE DID WAS (TO) call her from his mobile phone.
3. Wasn’t Nick late on Wednesday?
No, IT WAS ON MONDAY that he was late.
4. Nick’s boss had to start the meeting without him, didn’t she?
No, what she DID WAS (TO) RESCHEDULE THE MEETING FOR the afternoon.
5. Didn’t Nick get stuck in a traffic jam in the town centre?
No, not in the town centre; it WAS ON THE RING ROAD THAT NICK got stuck.
6. I heard the boss was a little annoyed with Nick for being late.
No, she wasn’t “a little annoyed”. What SHE WAS WAS FURIOUS!

II. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as Possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the words given in bold.
1. We just need 5 minutes to fix it. ALL
_________________________________________________________________________
2. I’m not questioning his dedication.