Clause of reason

Tien Giang School for gifted students
Class : 10 English
Group : 4
I/ Definition:
Reason clause defines the reason behind a statement or action given in the main clause. Reason conjunctions include “ because”, “ as”, “due to”… They can be placed either before or after the main clause. If placed before the main clause the reason clause usually gives emphasis to that particular reason.
II/ Form:
Because As  Because of Since + clause Due to + noun /gerund
For  Owing to
Now that
III/ Clause of reason :
“ Because”, “ as”, “since”, “for”, “ now that” must always be followed by a complete sentence. (There must be a verb.)
...because, as, since + subject + verb
*** Distinguish the usage of “because”, “since”, “as”, “for”, “now that” :
_As + a situation (not an action) usually means “because”
Since and as are often placed at the beginning of the sentence.
_ SINCE and AS are placed before the main clause.
EX : As Jane was the eldest, she looked after the others
Since we live near the river, we often go swimming.
“Since”, “as” are often used when we have already known the reason or the reason isn’t important.
_ EX: Since you won’t help me, I must do the job myself.
_‘Because’ emphasizes the cause rather than the main statement.
EX : You’re tired because you went to bed late.
Here, ‘you’ are already aware of your own tiredness, but I am telling ‘you’ the cause of it. ‘As’ and ‘since’ would be unsuitable here.
_ “ Because “ offers information which we haven’t known.
EX: Joe started jogging because his doctor told him to do.
 Here we don’t know why Joe started jogging, so ‘because’ offers us the reason.
_For : is used to elucidate for previous action, not repeat the previous things.
She was angry, for she didn’t know French.
_ For is not used to answer the question which begins at WHY, not follow these words : not, but.
Ex : He stole money not because he needed money but because he likes stealing.
_ For isn’t placed at the beginning of the sentence.
_ For isn’t placed after conjunctions.
Ex : He spoke French. She was angry because he spoke French. ( not FOR )
_ Now that = because now ( present or future situation )

_Now that : is used with the present simple ( perfect ) and the main clause must be at present or future.
EX : Now that you are here, you’d better stay.
Now that you are a big boy you must behave better.
IV / Phrases of reason
_Because of / due to…. + noun/ pronoun/ gerund phrase
_“Because of”, “due to”… are followed only by a noun or noun phrase. (There must NOT be a conjugated verb.)
_Because of is often interchangeable with the expression Due to.
Ex : Jane was worried because it had started to rain.
Subject verb
Jane was worried because of the rain.
Noun phrase
_It is also possible for the cause clause to begin the sentence.
Ex : Because of the rain, we have cancelled the party.
V / Reducing :
*V active  Ving
Ex : Because he studies hard, he passes the exam easily.
.
 Studying hard, he passes the exam easily
* V passive Being + V3/Ved
Ex : Because he is bitten by a dog, he has to see doctor.
 Being bitten by a dog, he has to see doctor.
* V be + adj/N  Being + adj/N
Ex : Because blood vessels ( maïch maùu ) are red, they absorb the laser strongly.( Cuøng chuû töø )
 Being red, they absorb ( haáp thuï ) the laser strongly
Note:
- Clause of reason can be placed either before or after the main clause. When the clause of reason is placed before the main clause, there must be a comma between two clauses.
- When we change the clause into the phrase, if two objects are the same, we can use gerund phrase.
EX: She stayed at home because she was sick.
 She stayed at home because of being sick.
_We can not use conjunction in both main clause and clause of reason.
EX : ( Because ) I like him, ( so ) I went out with him.
EXERCISES
Change clause of reason to phrases of reason :
1/ Because he was seriously ill , he couldn’t come.
2/ Because my father was ill, he retired last month.
3/ My sister gets high pay because she works well.
4/ We delayed our trip the bad weather.
5/ Sue’s eyes were red she had been crying.
6/ My mother is always complaining the untidiness
of my room.
7/ The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink its polluted.
8/ The trees were bend over the wind.
9/ You can’t enter this secure area you don’t have an official permit.
Because or Because of ?
1/ He couldn’t come because of his serious illness.
2/ My father retired last month because of his illness.
3/ My sister gets high pay because of her good work.
KEY
4/ because of


5/ because
6/ because of
7/ because of
8/ because of
9/ because
Created by : Group 4
Tường Vi
Minh Hải
Ngọc Thơi
Chiêu An
Thank you for yor attention ! >-<
GOODBYE !!!