CHUYEN DE ON TAP REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH
Direct speech: My mother said to me “I will give you a present.”

(reporting verb) động từ tường thuật
Indirect spech: My mother said to me she would give me a present.
Khi động từ tường thuật ở past form (said, told,...) chúng ta phải đổi thì
Direct speech(TT)
Indirect speech(GT)
Direct Speech
Indirect speech

Present simple
Past simple
go
went

Present progressive
Past progressive
am. is. are going
was. were going

Past simple
Past perfect
went
had gone

Past progressive
Past perfect progressive
was. were going
had been going

Present perfect simple
Past perfect
has. have gone
had gone

Present perfect progressive
Past perfect progressive
has. have been going
had been going

Future

Conditional I

will go . must . may
might . could . would . should .
ought to
would go . had to
might . could . would . should . ought to

Example: Peter said: "Carol is a nice girl." ( Peter said (that) Carol was a nice girl.
Chúng ta đổi pronouns phù hợp.
Ngôi thứ nhất ( I . We) đổi trùng với chủ ngữ (Người nói)củûa mệnh đề chính

Direct speech
Indirect speech

She said
I - my - me
she - her - her

He said
I - my - me
he - his - him

They said
we - our - us
they - their - them

Ngôi thứ hai ( You and your ) đổi trùng với tân ngữ( Người nghe) củûa mệnh đề chính:
1. Susan said: "My parents are clever scientists."

Susan said (that) her parents were clever scientists.

2. Tom said: "I like PE best." ( Tom said (that) he liked PE best.

3. They said: "We went swimming with our friends."

They said (that) they had gone swimming with their friend.

4. Betty said: "Sam told me the truth."

Betty said (that) Sam had told her the truth.

3. Đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.

Direct speech
Indirect speech

Time
now
ago
then . at that time . immediately
before


today
tonight
that day
that night


yesterday
the day before . the previous day


tomorrow
the next . following day


last week, month,...
the previous week, month,...


next week, month,...
the following week, month,...

Place
here
there


this
that


these
those

Example: She said: "I have already seen Carol today."
She said (that) she had already seen Carol that day.
  Ghi chú:
Nếu tường thuật một sự việc luôn luôn đúng, một chân lý đúng chúng ta không thay đổi thì.
Ex: “The world is round,” he said → He said the world is round.
Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 (câu điều loại hai với động từ be) và cấu trúc “used to”
Ex: “If I were you, I would help her” he said → He said If he were me, he would help her
Khi động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại hoặc tương:
Ex: My mother says to me, “you are my little pet.”
→ My mother tells me that I am her little pet.
Thì quá khứ đơn đã rõ thời gian:
Ex: Tom said to me, “My grandfather died in 1990.”
→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990.







CÁC DẠNG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
AFFIRMATIVE . NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE: (CÂU MỆNH LỆNH)
Câu mệnh lệnh: Là loại câu yêu cầu người khác làm gì đó, cách nhận dạng câu mệnh lệnh.Đầu câu là:
VInf
Don’t
Can you
Could you + Vinf
Would you
Would you mind
Please (please có thể ở cuối câu)
S + tell. ask. order + O + (not) to infinitive

E.g: The teacher said: "Keep silent and look at the blackboard!"
The teacher told us to keep silent and look at the blackboard.
E.g. John said: "Don`t forget to call me when you get home, Anna!"
John told Anna not forget to call him when she got home
STATEMENTS
S + said (that). told+ O + (that) + S + V ...

E.g. Henry said: "I am going to visit my grandparents tomorrow