CHUYEN DE COMPARISON - UNIT 13

Welcome to our class
MARIE CURIE High School
Presented by :NHU THI BICH NGOC
COMPARISON
COMPARISON



Use: Cấu trúc này thường đựơc dùng so sánh hai sự vật, con người với nhau
S(1) + V (1)


short adjective/adverb- ER (than st/sb)/
(than S(2) + V(2))
more + long adjective/adverb (than st/sb)
(than S(2) + V(2)
Examples:
Let’s go by car. It’s (much) cheaper

Exceptions:
good / well

better
bad / badly

worse
1. Comparative: So sánh hơn
E.g.: It’s a long walk from here to the park – further/farther than I expected.
Let me know if you hear any further news (= any more news)
The garden looks better than I thought.
Don’t go by train. It’s (a lot) more expensive.
You are (far) older than me/ I am.
You are (a little/a bit) more patient than me/ I am
Far

Further/farther
old

Older/elder
Cách thêm ‘-er’ với short adj
* Cheap -> cheaper
Large -> larger
Thin -> thinner
Early -> earlier
* Clever -> more clever
-> cleverer
(simple; narrow; quiet : có thể sử dụng -er/ more…)
A little/ little

less
Much/many

more
1. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere ........................?
2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit...................................... ........
3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be..............................
4. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be .................
5. The weather is too cold here. I’d like to live somewhere....................
6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I’d like to do something .......... ......
7. It’s a bit pity you live so far away. I wish you lived ..............................
8.I was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be ............................
quieter
stronger
smaller
more expensive
warmer/hotter
more interesting
nearer
more difficult/ more complicated
EX 105. 1: Complete the sentences using a comparative form (older/..)
9. Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do ............................
better
10. Don’t worry. The situation isn’t so bad. It could be .....................
worse
11. I was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to take ......................
longer
12. You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak a bit .....................
more quietly
13. You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me .....................
more often
14. You are standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit ............................... ………..away.
farther./further
15. You were a bit depressed yesterday, but you look..........................................today
happier/ more cheerful
1.Yesterday the temperature was six degrees.Today it’s only three degrees.
It’s ……………………………………………………………………….
2. The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
It takes .....................................................................................................
3. Dave and I went for a run. I ran ten kilometres. Dave stopped after eight kilometres.
I ran ………………………………….....................
4. Chris and Joe both did badly in the test.Chris got 30%but Joe got25% .
Joe did ……………………………………..............................
colder today than it was yesterday
longer by train than by car
farther/further than Dave
worse than Chris (in the test)
EX 105.3: Read the situations and complete the sentences. Use a comparative form (-er or more..)
5. I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 o’clock. In fact they arrived at 2.30.
My friends …………………… ............................
arrived earlier than I expected
6. You can go by bus or by train. The buses run every 30 minutes. The trains run every hour.
The buses ……….......................
run more often/ more frequently than the trains
7. We were vey busy at work today. We’re not usually as busy as that.
We.......... ………………………………………………….
were busier at work today than usual/ We were busier than usual (at work today)
COMPARISON



Use: Cấu trúc này đựơc dùng so sánh ít nhất từ 3 sự vật, con người với nhau
S(1) + V(1)


+ the + short adjective/adverb- EST + (N) + (S(2) + V(2))
+ the most + long adjective/adverb + (N) + (S(2) + V(2))
Examples:
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year

Exceptions:
good / well

the best
bad / badly

the worst
2. Superlative : So sánh hơn nhất
E.g.: That church is the oldest building in town (not eldest)
My eldest (oldest) son is 13 years old
It was the most boring film I’ve ever seen.
This hotel is the cheapest in town.
He’s the most patient person I’ve ever met
Far

the furthest/farthest
old

the oldest/eldest
Cách thêm ‘-est’ với short adj
* Cheap -> the cheapest
Large -> the largest
Thin -> the thinnest
Early -> the earliest
* Clever -> the cleverest
-> the most clever
(simple; narrow; quiet : you can use the -est/ the most…)
A little/ little

the least
Much/many

the most
1. We stayed at …………………hotel in town. (cheap)
2. Our hotel was......................than all the others in the town (cheap)
3. The USA is very large, but Canada is………………..........(large)
4. What’s ...............................country in the world? (small)
the cheapest
cheaper
larger
the smallest
EX 108.2 Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est/ or most…) or a comparative (-er or more….)
5. I wasn’t feeling well yesterday, but I feel a bit ………today. (good)
better
6. It was an awful day. It was ..........................day of my life. (bad)
the worst
7. What is …..…………………..sport in your country. (popular)
the most popular
8. Everest is …..…………mountain in the world. It is ……………than any other mountain. (high)
the highest
higher
9. We had a great holiday. It was one of ..………………………..holiday we’ve ever had (enjoyable)
the most enjoyable
10. I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s ………………...(comfortable)
more comfortable
11. What’s ………………way of getting from here to the station (quick)
the quickest
12. Sue and Kevin have got three daughter. ……….is 14 years old. (old)
The oldest/
The eldest
You’ve just been to the cinema. The film was extremely boring. You
tell your friend: (boring/film/see) That’s …………………………….
2. Your friend has just told you a joke, which you think is very funny. You say: (funny/joke/hear) That’s………………………….....................
3. You’re drinking coffee with a friend. It’s really good coffee. You say:
(good/coffee/taste) This……………………………..............................
the most boring film I’ve ever seen
the funniest joke I’ve ever heard
is the best coffee I’ve ever tasted
EX 108.3: What do you say in these situation? Use a superlative + ever. Use the words in blankets ( the correct form)
5. You have just run ten kilometres. You’ve never run further than this. You say to your friend:
(far/run) That…………………………………… ............................
is the most generous person I’ve ever met
is the furthest/farthest I’ve ever run.
6. You decided to give up your job. Now think this was a bad mistake. You say to your friend:
(bad/mistake/make) It .. ………………………………………………….
is the worst mistake I’ve ever made
4. You’re talking to a friend about Mary. Mary is very generous. You tell your friend about her(generous/person/meet) She..............................................................
7. You friend meets a lot of people, some of them are famous. You ask your friend: (famous/person/meet) Who …………………………….
is the most famous person you’ve ever met?
COMPARISON



Use: Cấu trúc này đựơc dùng so sánh hai sự vật, con người với nhau
S +


be (not) as adj as ……..
Examples:
Richard isn’t as old as he looks.

Note: Less than = not as …..as
3. So sánh (không) bằng: (not) so/as….. as)
It’s not warm, but it isn’t so cold as yesterday.
Let’s walk. It’s just as quick as taking the bus
Jenny didn’t do as well as in the exam as she had hoped
I don’t know as many people as you do
= He looks older than he is.
= Yesterday was colder than today
I spent less money than you = I didn’t spend as much money as you
The city centre was less crowded than usual = It wasn’t as crowded as usual
(trợ động từ + not) + V as adv/N as……
Note: = S1 + V1 not as …..as S2 + V2 = S2 + V2 + so sánh hơn + than + S1 + V1
I am quite tall , but you are taller.
I’m not…………………………………………………………….
2. My salary is high, but yours is higher.
My salary isn’t ..........................................................................................
3. You know a bit about cars, but I know more.
You don’t know ………………………………….....................
4. It’s still cold, but it was colder yesterday.
It isn’t ……………………………………..............................
as tall as you
as high as yours
as much about cars as me/ I do
as cold as it was yesterday
EX 107.1: Complete the sentences using as ……….. as
5.I still feel quite tired., but I felt a lot more tired yesterday
I don’t …………………… ............................
feel as tired as I did yesterday/ ….as I felt yesterday
6. Our neighbors have lived here for quite a long time, but we’ve lived here longer.
Our neighbors haven’t ………...............................................................
lived here as long as us/ we have
7. I was a bit nervous before the interview, but usually I am a lot more nervous
I wasn’t ......... ………………………………………………….
as nervous (before the interview) as usual.
1. Richard is younger than he looks. Richard isn’t
2. I didn’t spend as much money as you. You…………………………….
3. The station was nearer than I thought.
The station wasn’t ......................................................................................
4. The meal didn’t cost as much as I expected
The meal cost………………………………….....................
5. I go out less than I used to.
I don’t ……………………………………..............................
as old as he looks
spent more money than me
as far as I thought
less than I expected
EX 107.2: Write a new sentence with the same meaning
6. Karen’s hair isn’t as long as it used to be.
Karen used to …………………… ............................
go out as often/much as I used to.
7.I know them better than you do.
You don’t ………...............................................................
have longer hair .
8. There are fewer people at this meeting than at the last one.
There aren’t ......... ……………………………………………….
know them as well as me/I do
as many people at this meeting as at the last one
Finding a good job is becoming more and more difficult.
It is becoming harder and harder to find a good job.
COMPARISON
4. So sánh Càng…..càng
4. 1. STRUCTURE 1:



Cấu trúc này đựơc dùng để nói về 1 cái gì đang liên tục thay đổi: càng ngày càng ,mỗi lúc một.... hơn.
S + V +


short adj/adv- ER and short adj/adv- ER.
more and more long adjective/adverb.
Examples:
Mai is getting fatter and fatter

The rain was heavier and heavier
He writes more and more carefully
Exceptions:

Comparative and comparative
Her life is becoming better and better

better and better
bad / badly
worse and worse

Farther and farther
old
Older and older
A little/ little

Much/many

more and more
good/ well

far

less and less
1. Cathy got ..............................................in her job. In the end, she left.
2. That hole in your sweater is getting................................. (big)
3. My bag seemed to get ………………...........as I carried them. (heavy)
4.As I waited for my interview, I became………..…...................
(nervous)
5. As the day went on, the weather got ……..................... ………(bad)
6. Health care is becoming …………............ ...........(expensive)
7. Since Anna went to Canada, her English had got.........................(good)
8 As the conversation went on, Paul became ……................................ (talkative)
more and more bored
bigger and bigger
heavier and heavier
more and more nervous
worse and worse
more and more expensive
better and better
more and more talkative
EX 106. 3: Complete the sentences using the above structure
The supermarket is big, the choice is wide.
The bigger the supermarket (is),the wider the choice (is).

The more carelessly he drove ,the more dangerous he became
He drove carelessly. He became dangerous.
4.2. .STRUCTURE 2
The comparative , the comparative
1. With short adjectives/adverbs:
 The older you get, the harder you find a job.

Exceptions: many/ much the more far  the farther/further
little the less
2. With long adjectives/adverbs :
->The more difficult the game is ,the more interesting it is.
3. With clauses :
The more we learn ,the more we know
Cấu trúc này được dùng để diễn đạt 2 sự kiện cùng thay đổi có liên quan đến nhau: càng ................... , thì càng......................
The + short adj/adv -ER +S +V, the +short adj/adv -ER +S+V
The more + long adj/adv +S +V, the more + long adj/adv+S +V
The more + S + V , the more +S + V
I like warm weather
The warmer the weather, .............................................. (feel)
2. I didn’t really like him when we first met
But the more I got to know him,………….………………........... (like)
3. If you’re in business, you want to make a profit.
The more goods you sell,……………………………….. ……….(profit)
4. It’s hard to concentrate when you’re tired
The more tired you are, ………….…………............ ...........(hard)
5. Kate had to wait a very long time.
The longer she waited, ….………....................................... …………………….(impatient/become)
the better I feel
the more I like him/
The more I got to like him
the more profit you (will) make
/the higher your profit (will be)
/the more your profit (will be)
the harder it is to concentrate
the more impatient she became
EX 106. 4: Complete the sentences using the above structure
* Exercise 1: Matching (page 146)
* Exercise 2: Complete sentences with the structure comparative and comparative. (page 146-147)
E.g 1.The cost of living is very high. It has become……….(high)
higher and higher
2.Our lessons are ………………….(interesting)
more and more interesting
3. It is becoming ……………………………… to find a job. (hard)
harder and harder
1.His visit to New York seemed to get .......................... because he was very busy at work .(short)
2.Eating and travelling in this city is getting...................................... .................(expensive)
3.As the day went on ,the weather got.................................(bad)
4.We had to stop the discussion because the question was becoming ................................................(complicated)
5.Your English is OK now ,your pronunciation has got ................................(good)
6.Little John is becoming .......... ............... .......... (active)
7.As it was getting dark,it was becoming ..................................to see everything in the house without electricity.(difficult)
8.I feel happy as my birthday is coming ............................(close)
shorter and shorter
more and more expensive
worse and worse.
more and more complicated
better and better
more and more active
more and more difficult
closer and closer
Exercise 3:
Complete each of the following sentences ,using the structure : the +comparative , the + comparative. Choose a suitable half - sentence from the box .
Example: The earlier we leave,
1.The warmer the weather,
2.The more you practise your English,
3.The longer he waited,
4.The more electricity you use,
5.The more expensive the hotel,
6.The more I got to know him,
7.The more you have,
the faster you will learn
the more impatient he became
the sooner we will arrive
the more I liked him
the better I feel
the more you want
the higher your bill will be
the better the service
Multiple choice questions
1. he drank, he became.
A the more/ the more violent B. more / more violent
c the most / the most violent D. the less / less violent
2.Mary is of the two sisters.
the clever B. as clever as C. the cleverest D . the cleverer
3.Of all athletes ,David is .
A .the less qualified B. the more and more qualified C .the least qualified
you study for these exams, you will do.
The hardest /the best B. The more/the much C .The harder /the better
5 you use , it costs.
a the more gas/the less money B the more gas /the more money
6.He only feels happy whenever he does not have much work to do.
A. The more he works, the happier he feels
B. The less he works ,the happier he feels
C.. He feels happier and happier with his work