CHAPTER 20. DETERMINERS
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CHAPTER 20. DETERMINERS
As indicated in the tables below, many determiners can be used either as adjectives or as pronouns. As will be pointed out in the next chapter, when a determiner is used as an adjective modifying a noun, the determiner usually precedes any other adjectives modifying the same noun. The use of the following determiners has already been discussed in previous chapters: a, an, the, this, that, these and those. The possessive adjectives my, your, his, her, our and their can also be classified as determiners. As indicated below, many determiners may be used only with certain types of noun. In the following tables, the abbreviation CN stands for Countable Noun, and the abbreviation UN stands for Uncountable Noun. In these tables, the noun tree is used as an example of a countable noun, and the noun grass is used as an example of an uncountable noun.
Determiners used as Adjectives
Determiner
Used With
Example
Meaning
all
plural CN
all trees
trees in general
UN
all grass
grass in general
another
singular CN
another tree
one additional or different tree
any
singular CN
any tree
refers to one tree, without
specifying which, of a group
of more than 2 trees
plural CN
any trees
refers to 2 or more trees,
without specifying which
UN
any grass
refers to some grass,
without specifying which
both
plural CN
both trees
refers to 2 trees of a
group of 2
each
singular CN
each tree
refers to every tree,
considered individually,
of a group of 2 or more
either
singular CN
either tree
refers to 1 of 2 trees,
without specifying which
enough
plural CN
enough trees
a sufficient number of trees
UN
enough grass
a sufficient amount of grass
every
singular CN
every tree
all trees, without exception,
of a group of more than 2 trees
few
plural CN
few trees
a small number of trees
fewer
plural CN
fewer trees
a smaller number of trees
less
UN
less grass
a smaller amount of grass
little
UN
little grass
a small amount of grass
many
plural CN
many trees
a large number of trees
more
plural CN
more trees
an additional number of trees
UN
more grass
an additional amount of grass
most
plural CN
most trees
nearly all trees
UN
most grass
nearly all grass
much
UN
much grass
a large amount of grass
neither
singular CN
neither tree
no tree of a group of 2 trees
no
singular CN
no tree
not any tree
plural CN
no trees
not any trees
UN
no grass
not any grass
one
singular CN
one tree
a single tree
only
plural CN
only trees
nothing except trees
UN
only grass
nothing except grass
other
plural CN
other trees
different trees
UN
other grass
different grass
several
plural CN
several trees
more than 2 trees, but not
a large number of trees
some
singular CN
some tree
an unspecified tree
plural CN
some trees
unspecified trees
UN
some grass
unspecified grass
such
singular CN
such a tree
a tree of a certain kind
plural CN
such trees
trees of a certain kind
UN
such grass
grass of a certain kind
that
singular CN
that tree
a particular tree, which
is not nearby
UN
that grass
particular grass, which
is not nearby
these
plural CN
these trees
particular trees, which
are nearby
this
singular CN
this tree
a particular tree, which
is nearby
UN
this grass
particular grass, which
is nearby
those
plural CN
those trees
particular trees, which
are not nearby
what
singular CN
what tree
asks in general for one
tree to be specified
plural CN
what trees
asks in general for particular
trees to be specified
UN
what grass
asks in general for particular
grass to be specified
which
singular CN
which tree
asks for one tree to be specified
from a certain group of trees
plural CN
which trees
asks for trees to be specified
from a certain group of trees
UN
which grass
asks for some of certain
grass to be specified
The following determiners can be used independently, as pronouns:
Determiners used as Pronouns
Determiner
Used With
Example
Meaning
all
plural CN
all (of) the trees
refers to every tree in a
group of more than 2
trees
UN
all (of) the grass
refers to the whole amount
of certain specified grass
another
plural CN
another of the trees
one more of certain
specified trees
any
plural CN
any of the trees
refers to 1 or more
unspecified trees from a
group of more than 2
UN
any of the grass
refers to some of certain
specified grass
both
plural CN
both of the trees
refers to 2 trees of a
group of 2
each
plural CN
each of the trees
refers to every tree,
considered individually,
of a group of 2 or more
either
plural CN
either of the trees
refers to 1 of 2 trees,
without specifying which
enough
singular CN
enough of the tree
a sufficient amount of a
specified tree
plural CN
enough of the trees
a sufficient number of
certain specified trees
UN
enough of the grass
a sufficient amount of
certain specified grass
few
plural CN
few of the trees
a small number from a
specified group of trees
fewer
plural CN
fewer of the trees
a smaller number from a
specified group of trees
less
UN
less of the grass
a smaller amount of certain
specified grass
little
UN
little of the grass
a small amount of certain
specified grass
many
plural CN
many of the trees
a large number of certain
specified trees
more
plural CN
more of the trees
an additional number of
certain specified trees
UN
more of the grass
an additional amount of
certain specified grass
most
plural CN
most of the trees
nearly all of certain
specified trees
UN
most of the grass
nearly all of certain
specified grass
much
UN
much of the grass
a large proportion of
certain specified grass
neither
plural CN
neither of the trees
no tree of a group of 2 trees
none
plural CN
none of the trees
no tree of certain specified
trees
UN
none of the grass
no grass of certain specified
grass
one
plural CN
one of the trees
a single tree of certain
specified trees
others
plural CN
others of the trees
different trees, from a
particular group of trees
several
plural CN
several of the trees
more than 2, but not a large
number, of certain specified
trees
some
singular CN
some of the tree
an unspecified portion of
a particular tree
plural CN
some of the trees
unspecified trees from a
particular group of trees
UN
some of the grass
an unspecified portion
of particular grass
such
plural CN
such of the trees
trees of a certain kind,
from a certain specified
group of trees
UN
such of the grass
grass of a certain kind,
from certain specified
grass
those
plural CN
those of the trees
particular trees, from a
certain specified group
of trees
which
plural CN
which of the trees
asks for one or more trees
to be specified, from a
particular group of trees
1. Determiners used to refer to groups of two persons or things
In Old English, there were singular forms, plural forms and dual forms. Dual forms are used to refer to two persons or things. In modern English, a few words still remain which refer to two persons or things. For example, the determiners both, either and neither are used when referring t
As indicated in the tables below, many determiners can be used either as adjectives or as pronouns. As will be pointed out in the next chapter, when a determiner is used as an adjective modifying a noun, the determiner usually precedes any other adjectives modifying the same noun. The use of the following determiners has already been discussed in previous chapters: a, an, the, this, that, these and those. The possessive adjectives my, your, his, her, our and their can also be classified as determiners. As indicated below, many determiners may be used only with certain types of noun. In the following tables, the abbreviation CN stands for Countable Noun, and the abbreviation UN stands for Uncountable Noun. In these tables, the noun tree is used as an example of a countable noun, and the noun grass is used as an example of an uncountable noun.
Determiners used as Adjectives
Determiner
Used With
Example
Meaning
all
plural CN
all trees
trees in general
UN
all grass
grass in general
another
singular CN
another tree
one additional or different tree
any
singular CN
any tree
refers to one tree, without
specifying which, of a group
of more than 2 trees
plural CN
any trees
refers to 2 or more trees,
without specifying which
UN
any grass
refers to some grass,
without specifying which
both
plural CN
both trees
refers to 2 trees of a
group of 2
each
singular CN
each tree
refers to every tree,
considered individually,
of a group of 2 or more
either
singular CN
either tree
refers to 1 of 2 trees,
without specifying which
enough
plural CN
enough trees
a sufficient number of trees
UN
enough grass
a sufficient amount of grass
every
singular CN
every tree
all trees, without exception,
of a group of more than 2 trees
few
plural CN
few trees
a small number of trees
fewer
plural CN
fewer trees
a smaller number of trees
less
UN
less grass
a smaller amount of grass
little
UN
little grass
a small amount of grass
many
plural CN
many trees
a large number of trees
more
plural CN
more trees
an additional number of trees
UN
more grass
an additional amount of grass
most
plural CN
most trees
nearly all trees
UN
most grass
nearly all grass
much
UN
much grass
a large amount of grass
neither
singular CN
neither tree
no tree of a group of 2 trees
no
singular CN
no tree
not any tree
plural CN
no trees
not any trees
UN
no grass
not any grass
one
singular CN
one tree
a single tree
only
plural CN
only trees
nothing except trees
UN
only grass
nothing except grass
other
plural CN
other trees
different trees
UN
other grass
different grass
several
plural CN
several trees
more than 2 trees, but not
a large number of trees
some
singular CN
some tree
an unspecified tree
plural CN
some trees
unspecified trees
UN
some grass
unspecified grass
such
singular CN
such a tree
a tree of a certain kind
plural CN
such trees
trees of a certain kind
UN
such grass
grass of a certain kind
that
singular CN
that tree
a particular tree, which
is not nearby
UN
that grass
particular grass, which
is not nearby
these
plural CN
these trees
particular trees, which
are nearby
this
singular CN
this tree
a particular tree, which
is nearby
UN
this grass
particular grass, which
is nearby
those
plural CN
those trees
particular trees, which
are not nearby
what
singular CN
what tree
asks in general for one
tree to be specified
plural CN
what trees
asks in general for particular
trees to be specified
UN
what grass
asks in general for particular
grass to be specified
which
singular CN
which tree
asks for one tree to be specified
from a certain group of trees
plural CN
which trees
asks for trees to be specified
from a certain group of trees
UN
which grass
asks for some of certain
grass to be specified
The following determiners can be used independently, as pronouns:
Determiners used as Pronouns
Determiner
Used With
Example
Meaning
all
plural CN
all (of) the trees
refers to every tree in a
group of more than 2
trees
UN
all (of) the grass
refers to the whole amount
of certain specified grass
another
plural CN
another of the trees
one more of certain
specified trees
any
plural CN
any of the trees
refers to 1 or more
unspecified trees from a
group of more than 2
UN
any of the grass
refers to some of certain
specified grass
both
plural CN
both of the trees
refers to 2 trees of a
group of 2
each
plural CN
each of the trees
refers to every tree,
considered individually,
of a group of 2 or more
either
plural CN
either of the trees
refers to 1 of 2 trees,
without specifying which
enough
singular CN
enough of the tree
a sufficient amount of a
specified tree
plural CN
enough of the trees
a sufficient number of
certain specified trees
UN
enough of the grass
a sufficient amount of
certain specified grass
few
plural CN
few of the trees
a small number from a
specified group of trees
fewer
plural CN
fewer of the trees
a smaller number from a
specified group of trees
less
UN
less of the grass
a smaller amount of certain
specified grass
little
UN
little of the grass
a small amount of certain
specified grass
many
plural CN
many of the trees
a large number of certain
specified trees
more
plural CN
more of the trees
an additional number of
certain specified trees
UN
more of the grass
an additional amount of
certain specified grass
most
plural CN
most of the trees
nearly all of certain
specified trees
UN
most of the grass
nearly all of certain
specified grass
much
UN
much of the grass
a large proportion of
certain specified grass
neither
plural CN
neither of the trees
no tree of a group of 2 trees
none
plural CN
none of the trees
no tree of certain specified
trees
UN
none of the grass
no grass of certain specified
grass
one
plural CN
one of the trees
a single tree of certain
specified trees
others
plural CN
others of the trees
different trees, from a
particular group of trees
several
plural CN
several of the trees
more than 2, but not a large
number, of certain specified
trees
some
singular CN
some of the tree
an unspecified portion of
a particular tree
plural CN
some of the trees
unspecified trees from a
particular group of trees
UN
some of the grass
an unspecified portion
of particular grass
such
plural CN
such of the trees
trees of a certain kind,
from a certain specified
group of trees
UN
such of the grass
grass of a certain kind,
from certain specified
grass
those
plural CN
those of the trees
particular trees, from a
certain specified group
of trees
which
plural CN
which of the trees
asks for one or more trees
to be specified, from a
particular group of trees
1. Determiners used to refer to groups of two persons or things
In Old English, there were singular forms, plural forms and dual forms. Dual forms are used to refer to two persons or things. In modern English, a few words still remain which refer to two persons or things. For example, the determiners both, either and neither are used when referring t
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