CCNA

Communicating over the Network
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 2
Objectives
Describe the structure of a network, including the devices and media that are necessary for successful communications.
Explain the function of protocols in network communications.
Explain the advantages of using a layered model to describe network functionality.
Describe the role of each layer in two recognized network models: The TCP/IP model and the OSI model.
Describe the importance of addressing and naming schemes in network communications.
Network Structure
Define the elements of communication
3 common elements of communication
Message source
The channel
Message destination
Define a network
Data or information networks capable of carrying many different types of communications


Network Structure
Describe how messages are communicated
Data is sent across a network in small “chunks” called segments
Network Structure
Define the components of a network
Network components
Hardware
Software

Network Structure
End Devices and their Role in the Network
End devices form interface with human network & communications network
Role of end devices:
Client
Server
Both client and server
Network Structure
Identify the role of an intermediary device in a data network and be able to contrast that role with the role of an end device
Role of an intermediary device
Provides connectivity and ensures data flows across network


Network Structure
Define network media and criteria for making a network media choice
Network media – this is the channel over which a message travels
Network Types
Define Local Area Networks (LANs)
A network serving a home, building or campus is considered a Local Area Network (LAN)
Network Types
Define Wide Area Networks (WANs)
LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a network known as a Wide Area Network (WAN)

Network Types
Define the Internet
The internet is defined as a global mesh of interconnected networks
Network Types
Describe network representations
Function of Protocol in Network Communication
The importance of protocols and how they are used to facilitate communication over data networks
A protocol is a set of predetermined rules

Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Explain network protocols
Network protocols are used to allow devices to communicate successfully

Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Describe Protocol suites and industry standards
A standard is a process or protocol that has been endorsed by the networking industry and ratified by a standards organization

Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Define different protocols and how they interact

Function of Protocol in Network Communication
Technology independent Protocols
Many diverse types of devices can communicate using the same sets of protocols
This is because protocols specify network functionality, not the underlying technology to support this functionality
Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Explain the benefits of using a layered model
Benefits include
Assists in protocol design
Fosters competition
Changes in one layer do not affect other layers
Provides a common language



Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Describe TCP/IP Mode


Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Describe the Communication Process

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Explain protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Describe the process of sending and receiving messages


Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Explain protocol and reference models
A protocol model provides a model that closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite
A reference model provides a common reference for maintaining consistency within all types of network protocols and services
Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Define OSI

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model
Compare OSI and TCP/IP model

Addressing and Naming Schemes
Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks


Addressing and Naming Schemes
Describe examples of Ethernet MAC Addresses, IP Addresses, and TCP/UDP Port numbers

Addressing and Naming Schemes
Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks

Addressing and Naming Schemes
Describe how information in the encapsulation header is used to identify the source and destination processes for data communication

Summary