Câu tường thuật trực tiếp - gián tiếp (đầy đủ)

CÂU TRỰC TIẾP – CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

1. Remember:-Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chúng ta cần ý một số vấn đề sau:
a.Nếu động từ thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại thì chúng ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ chính,các đại từ chỉ định,các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp.
Eg:Hoa says,”I want to go home”.
TT-V chinh
Hoa says she wants to go home.
-He says,”I am going to Hanoi next week”.
He says he is going to HN next week
b.Nếu động từ tuờng thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ 1 bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp theo quy tắc sau:

2/ Qui tắc lùi thời. Tenses:
Direct Speech
 Indirect Speech ( Reported)


1/ Simple present
He explained “I never eat meat”.
2/ Present continuous
He said “I’m waiting for Ann”.
3/ Present perfect
He said “I have found a flat”.
4/ Present perfect continuous.
He said “I have been drinking milk”.
5/ Simple past.
She said “I took it home with me”.
6/ Past continuous.
He said “I was reading a book”.
7/ Simple future.
He said “I shall be in Paris on Monday”.

8/ Modal verbs.
Must
Must not + V
Can
Could
May
Will/shall


1/ Simple past
He explained he never ate meat.
2/ Past continuous
He said that he was waiting for Ann.
3/ Past perfect.
He said he had found a flat.
4/ Past perfect continuous.
He said he had been drinking milk.
5/ Past perfect.
She said she had taken it home with her.
6/ Past perfect continuous.
He said he had been reading a book.
7/ Future in the past.
He said he would be in Paris on Monday.
8/
Had to
Was not to/ were not to + V
Could/ be able to
Would be able to
Might
would/should





























3/ Qui tắc thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định

Direct Speech
Indirect Speech ( Reported)

This
These
this/that + N
Here
Now
Today/Tonight
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next week/year
Last week/year
last Tuesday
A year ago

That
Those
the + N
There
Then
That day/That night
The day before/the previous day
Two days before
The next day/ the following day
In two days’ time/two days later
The following week/year
The previous week/year
the previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before
A year before/ the previous year


4/ Qui tắc thay đổi đại từ, tính từ
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech ( Reported)

I
You
We
Me
Us
My
Our
Your
He/ she
He/ she/ they
They/ you
Him/ her
Them
His/ her/ your
Their
His/ her/ my


II. Supplement knowledge

5/ Hệ thống các loại câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp.

Loại câu
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech ( Reported)

Statements
(câu kể)
S + said(that) + S + V
told(that)
Eg: He said “I go to school early”

S + said that + S + V- ed (lùi thời)

He said that he went to school early.


Imperatives.
(Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)


Eg 1: The teacher said “Open your
books, please”


Eg 2: “John, please don’t tell anyone my new adress” said Mary
 asked
told
S + ordered + O + to/not to + V
commanded
The teacher asked her students to open