CÂU IF

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)

TYPE 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

V1(s /es) / (am /is/are)
If + S +
don’t / doesn’t + V1
(am not/ are not/ is not)
 will / shall / can + V1
S +
won’t / can’t / shan’t + V1


EX: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car.

TYPE 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

V2/-ed / (were)
If + S +
didn’t + V1 / (weren’t)
 could / would/ should + V1
S +
couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + V1


EX: If I were you, I would tell the truth.

TYPE 3: điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ

had + V3/-ed
If + S +
hadn’t + V3 /-ed
 could / would/ should + have + V3/-ed
S +
couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + have + V3/-ed


EX: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.
- Note: Ta có thể lược bỏ "If" đi nhưng phải đảo ngữ
EX: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.
- Unless = If … not
- Đổi từ if sang unless:
IF
UNLESS

Khẳng định
Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định)

Phủ định
Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)


Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.
Unless -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam.
Unless ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause
- If you don’t + V1, Clause
- If you aren’t + …, Clause
Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself. If -------------------------------------------------------
Go away or I will call the police. If -------------------------------------------------------
- NỐI 2 CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF”
- Note:
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai → loại 1
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại (động từ ở hiện tại) → loại 2
+ Diễn tả 1 hành động không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ (động từ ở quá khứ) → loại 3
EX: Hurry up or you will be late.
→ If you don’t hurry, you will be late.
EX: She doesn’t have a car. She doesn’t go out in the evening.
→ If she had a car, she would go out in the evening.
EX: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come.
→ If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting.
→ Had Peter come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting.

--------------------GOOD LUCK-----------------------
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences:
He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam. => If…………………………………………………..
She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam. If…………………………………………………………
He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car. => If…………………………………………………………….
He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough. => If……………………………………………………………..
She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party. => If……………………………………………………………..
I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month. => If……………………………………………………………..
He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy => If……………………………………………………………….
We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change. => If………………………………………………………………..
Study hard or you won’t pass the exam. => If…………………………………………………………………..
Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes. => If……………………………………………………………………..
I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now. => If I…………..………………………………….
I only come if they invite me. => unless……………………………………………….
He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam. => If he………………………………………………………..
The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk. => If you walk……………………………………………….
Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.
=>Unless……………………………………………………………………………………
If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner.
=> Should……………………………………………………………………………….
The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather.
=> If it ………………………………………………………………………………
He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now.
=>Had ………………………………………………………………………………
You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> Unless………………………………………………………………………………
The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.
=> Were I………………………………………………………………………………
He is