Câu gián tiếp

Indirect speech


I. Indirect speech ( câu gián tiếp)
Cách sử dụng
ví dụ:
a. “I’ll send you a postcard when I arrive in London”, Mary said to Daisy
Mary said to Daisy that she would send Daisy a postcard when she arrived in London
b. “I have made many mistakes”, he said to me.
He said to me that he had made many mistakes
Câu gián tiếp dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói hoặc lời phát biểu của đó
2. Những sự thay đổi khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
a. “I was born in 1980”, she said She said that she was born in 1980
Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng dựa vào lời dẫn trực tiếp ( lời dẫn trực tiếp: “….. ”,she said)
b. 1. “I have made many mistakes”, he said to me.
He said to me that he had made many mistakes
2. “I will send you a postcard when I arrive in London”, Mary said to Daisy
Mary said to Daisy that she would send Daisy a postcard when she arrived in London
Sự thay đổi về các thì. Chúng ta có các quy tắc thay đổi cụ thể như sau:
trực tiếp gián tiếp
TLĐ (will/shall) would/ should
can/ may could/ might
HTĐ QKĐ
HTTD QKTD
HTHT/ QKĐ QKHT


c. 1. “Last year, I came to visit my grandparents”, Lan said
Lan said that the previous year, she had come to visit hẻ grandparents.
2. “I will meet you here tomorrow”, John said to me.
John said that he would meet me there the day after.
Thay đổi đại từ chỉ định và trạng từ chỉ thời gian, cụ thể như sau:
This that These those
Now then here there
Last week the week before/ the previous week
This week that week
Next week the week after/ the following week
This year that year
today that day
yesterday the day before/the previous day
tomorrow the day after/ the following day
………………………..
3. Những trường hợp không phải đổi thì khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
“I was born in 1980”, she said She said that she was born in1980.
trong câu trục tiếp có mốc thời gian xác định
“The Earth goes around the Sun”, scientists said.
Scientists said that the Earth goes around the Sun
câu trực tiếp nói về sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý luôn luôn đúng
“I often get up late”, said he. He said that he often gets up late
câu trực tiếp nói về thói quen của ai đó
d. Câu trực tiếp có “should/ had better/ ought to/ used to…..
e. Câu trực tiếp có cấu trúc “It + tobe + time/ high time + sb + Ved/ Vp1 (Ai đó đã đến lúc phải làm gì)
Ví dụ: “It was high time you did your homework”, Janne said to David
Janne said to David that it was high time he did his homework
f. Câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3, hoặc các mênh đề giả định
(wish / as if / if only…), hoặc có xen kẽ thì QKĐ và QKTD
4. Cách chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp ở dạng câu hỏi
WH – questions
Ví dụ: 1. “what time does the film begin?”, he said
He asked what time the film began.
2. “Where are you from?”, she asked me.
She asked me where I was from.
S + ask / want to know/ wonder….+ (O) + WH_ words + Sb + V / tobe +….
b. YES_NO – questions
Ví dụ: 1. “Are you busy now?”, he asked Anna.
He asked Anna if/ whether she was busy then.
2. “Does she come here?”, Miss Smith asked Tim.
Miss Smith asked Tim if/ whether she came there

S + ask / want to know/ wonder….+ (O) + if/ whether +
Sb + V / Tobe