Câu Bị Động

THE PASSIVE VOICE
* Thể chủ động (active voice)
- Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday.
- He has already finished his homework.
* Theå thuï ñoäng (passive voice)
- That house was built 100 years ago.
- Those windows are painted blue.
(Passive sentence :S + be + past participle
1/ Haõy quan saùt ví duï sau :
* Active : Tom broke the chair yesterday.
S V O
* Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday.
S be + P.P by doer
2/ Ghi nhớ:cách biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
* lấy Tân ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm chủ ngữ của câu bi động
* chia to be cùng thì với động từ chính của câu chủ động và hợp với chủ ngữ của câu bị động
* đưa chủ ngữ của câu chủ động xuống làm tân ngữ của câu bị động, đặt sau By.
* Vị trí: By Object : + đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
+ sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
3/ Một vài ví dụ khác:
+ (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]
- Mr.Green teaches history.
( History is taught by Mr.Green.
+ (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]
- He has just done his homework.
( His homework has just been done by him.
+ (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.p]
- She is cleaning the windows.
( The windows are being cleaned by her.
+ (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.p]
- The boss sacked ten workers.
( Ten workers were sacked by the boss.
+ (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.p]
- Mary had written the letter.
( The letter had been written by Mary.
+ (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.p]
- The police were questioning Tom.
( Tom was being questioned by the police.
+ (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.p]
- John will deliver the letter.
( The letter will be delivered by John.
+ (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may … + be + p.p]
- He must do it right now.
( It must be done by him right now.
+ (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]
- The engineers are going tobuild the bridge.
( The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.
(… coøn aùp duïng vôùi caùc caáu truùc khaùc nhö : have to, had to, used to, ought to …)
+ (j) 2 objects :
- They gave mea present yesterday.
(Iwas given a present yesterday(by them).
(A presentwas given to me yesterday(by them).
(Neáu sau BY laø them / people / someone / somebody…ta coù theå boû ñi)
+ (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be – p.p + to inf ]
- I never hear him shout at his children.
( He is never heard to shout at his children.
+ (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be – p.p + V-ing ]
- I saw the boy coming into the room.
( The boy was seen coming into the room.
+ (m) With ‘make’ : [ S + be – made + to inf ]
- They made me do it.
( I was made to do it.
+ (n) With ‘let’ : [ S + be – let + bare inf ]
- They let him do it.
( He was let do it.
+ (o) With ‘begin or start’: [ S + begin / start + to be + p.p ]
- They began to build the house in 1980.
( The house began to be built in 1980.
+ (p) With “say, report, rumour…’:
- People say that prevention is better than cure.
(It is said that prevention is better than cure.
(Prevention is said to be better than cure.
(…cách này dc áp dụng cho các từ như: SAY, REPORT, THINK, BELIEVE, RUMOUR…)
+ (q) câu nmeenhj lệnh : [ Let + O + be – p.p ]
- Open