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BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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CELL COMPOSITION
Cell composition
~70 – 95% water
Most of the remainder of the cell is composed of organic molecules
Molecules
containing both
carbon (C) and
hydrogen (H)
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MACROMOLECULES
There are four major classes of large biological molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
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MACROMOLECULES
Three of the four classes of macromolecules are polymers
Long molecules assembled from many similar or identical monomers
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MACROMOLECULES
Monomers are covalently linked via condensation reactions
a.k.a. Dehydration reactions
Two monomers are covalently linked to each other through the loss of a water molecule
-H is removed from
one monomer
-OH is removed
from the other
monomer
H2O is formed
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MACROMOLECULES
Polymers can be disassembled into monomers via hydrolysis reactions
Essentially a condensation
reaction in reverse
Covalent bond between
monomers is broken through
the addition of water
-H is added to one monomer
-OH is added to the other
monomer
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MACROMOLECULES
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REFERENCES
Campbell, Neil A. and Reese, Jane B. Biology, 7th edition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2005.
Campbell, Neil A., Reese, Jane B., Taylor, Martha R., and Simon, Eric J. Biology, Concepts and Connections, 5th edition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2006.
Nester, Eugene W., Anderson, Denise G., Roberts, C. Evans Jr., and Nester, Martha T. Microbiology, A Human Perspective, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2007.
Limson, Janice. 2002. http://www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2002/june/lactose.htm