Bi qet HG tieng anh 9 zo di

I.PASSIVE VOICE
1- Active into Passive rule:
 Active: S + V + O



Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)

Note:  - Động từ ở câu chủ động ở  thì (tense) hay thể (form) nào thì “be” ở câu bị động ở thì hay thể đó.
- Khi ta không xem người thực hiện hành động (does) là quan trọng, thì “ by object” có thể bỏ đi.
( eg. S = personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, .... people; no-one.. )
a.The simple present
She cleans the floor everyday. (S + V / Vs / es... )
Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.(S + am/is/are/ +PP...)
b.The present continous.
Mr.Baker is repairing the car
      Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP...)
c.The present perfect
Someone has stolen  the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P...)
Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP...)
d.The simple past
Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP.....)
e.The past continuous
      They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing .... )
Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP.....)
f.  The past perfect
She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. ( S+ had + PP...)
      Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP.....)
g. Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ........
Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should... + bare-infinitive + object
      Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul.... + be + past participle (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs.
Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police.
2-Special cases
a.  Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think....) (that) +S2+verb2...
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2 ....
Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)...
Ex:         People say that he is crazy.
Passive: It said that he is crazy
             He is said to be crazy.
b.  Negatives
            Ex1: No-one has cleaned the floor lately. 
            Passive: The floor hasn’t been  cleaned lately
Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it.
Passive: Nothing was done about it.

c.  Who + V + object ...... ? Ex:    Who wrote this novel
Passive: - By whom..... ? Passive: - By whom was this novel written ?
        -  Who...... by  ? - Who was this novel written by ?

       
d.  It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP
Ex: It is important to finish this exercise.
It is important for this exercise to be finished
e.  Bare-infinitive + object
Passive: Let + object + be + PP
S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ .... + to infinitive
Ex1:     Please open the door -> Let the door be opened
Ex2:     Turn on the light -> You are supposed to turn on the light.          
f.  Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh)
Active: - She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st. / - S + get + sb +  to- infinitive + sth
Passive: - S + have + sth + PP. / - S + get + sth + PP
Ex1:     She has had someone repaint the car./ She has had the car repainted
Ex2:     They got me to do the housework./ They got the housework done.

II.RELATIVE CLAUSE
Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một mình).
Nó bắt đầu bằng:
a. relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.
b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything.
Ex2: We talked to the man who was